Spss for macos

Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, Version 27 (SPSS for MacOS, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Normality for continuous variables was determined by Shapiro–Wilk test. Parametric data were analysed using independent t-test and results were expressed as mean ± SD. Difference between baseline and 12-month values of parametric data within the same group was analysed using paired t-test. Percentage change in continuous variables were analysed using ANCOVA, using change in raw value as the dependent variable and the baseline variable as the co-variate. Data were adjusted for age, sex and employment status at baseline (considering baseline difference in the characteristics between two groups) using a regression analysis; change in mean and SD at 12 months were then expressed as percentage of the baseline value. Non-parametric data were analysed using Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Tests. Categorical variables were analysed using Pearson’s chi-square test and the association to a categorical outcome was adjusted for age and sex at baseline using logistic regression.

Participants were divided for analysis into surgical experience subgroups: juniors (ST3–5 or equivalent), seniors (ST6–8 or equivalent), and consultants. Free-text data were coded using the descriptions of errors from a previous study^{12 (link)} (Tables S2 and S3).
All data were treated as non-normally distributed. Median (i.q.r., range) was calculated for error counts, and either the Friedman (χ²_F(d.f.)) or Kruskal–Wallis (H(d.f.)) statistic was calculated to compare subgroups. For comparisons of continuous data, simple linear regression was used to determine relationships using GraphPad Prism^® 9 for MacOS^® version 9.4.1 (458) (GraphPad Software, Boston, MA, USA). The intraclass coefficient (ICC) was calculated using a two-way mixed-effects model with absolute agreement for the total intraoperative grade score using SPSS^® for MacOS^® version 29.0.0.0 (241) (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).

Statistical Package for Social Sciences—SPSS for MacOS (version 27; IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) and GraphPad Prism software (version 9; Dotmatics, San Diego, CA, USA) were used to perform statistical analysis and data visualization. Statistical analysis comprised the Chi-square Test for categorical variables. A p-value under 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS for macOS version 28.0.1.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Data are reported as medians and interquartile ranges [IQRs] or frequencies and relative percentages. Mann–Whitney U test for unpaired samples was used to compare continuous variables. A value of p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

We calculated the absolute and relative frequencies of different severities of report changes and considered the acquisition locations as a risk factor for report changes. Statistical significance of differences in the examined frequencies of discrepancies between comparison groups was tested using the chi-square test. In addition, the chi-square test was used to evaluate the distribution of neuroradiological cases. This aimed at making comparison with other studies easier: Neuroradiological examinations are often evaluated separately in quality control studies. In this study, we intended to investigate emergency imaging of all body regions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Mac OS (Version 25; IBM, Chicago, IL, USA).

The statistical analysis was conducted with Prism for macOS (version 9, GraphPad Software, LLC, Boston, MA, USA) and SPSS for MacOS (version 28, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The group comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney test and ANOVA (p < 0.05). The correlation analyses were performed using Pearson’s coefficients (two-tailed test of significance).

Categorical variables were reported as frequency distributions and percentages, and continuous variables were expressed as medians with interquartile ranges (IQRs).
Detection rates of ciPCa and csPCa were calculated for both TBx and TBx + perilesional SBx approaches, and compared with the detection on TBx + standard SBx as the “gold standard.” Sensitivities and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of detection rates were calculated using binomial tests, and intergroup differences between sensitivities were considered statistically significant if the 95% CIs did not overlap. A subgroup analysis was performed for the PI-RADS assessment category. Differences between subgroup detection rates were compared with the Fisher’s exact test using the Freeman-Halton extension. All statistical analyses were performed with the statistical package SPSS for MacOS, version 27 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).