Spss statistics ver 27

Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 27.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Comparison of means for continuous variables between groups was performed using independent Student t-test. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare means for nonparametric variables and distributions that did not pass the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality. Preoperative and postoperative variables for the same patients were compared using paired Student t-test; Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for nonparametric variables. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of cage type on change in PROMs perioperatively, controlling for age, biological sex, BMI, and perioperative diagnosis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 for all cases.

All data are reported as the number (%) for categorical variables and as the median (interquartile range [IQR]) or mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables. Data were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.
The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUC ROC) of endosonography for detecting MLN metastases were analyzed. A multivariable logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise selection (with p < 0.05 for entry and p > 0.10 for removal of variables) was used to evaluate risk factors related to MLN metastases. In addition, subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of endosonography for variables identified as risk factors for MLN metastasis through multivariable analysis. p-values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY).

For comparison of the risk factors of SSI between the 2 groups, we used the t-test for continuous variables, Mann-Whitney U-test for ordinal variables, and the chi-square test and Fisher exact test for nominal variables. The skin closure time and SSI rate were compared using the t-test. The P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 27.0 (IBM Corp.) was used for the statistical analysis.

All statistical analyses were performed employing IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 27.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) and GraphPad Prism v 9.0 (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA). Continuous variables with skewed data distribution are reported as median (and interquartile range, IQR). The D’Agostino-Pearson, Shapiro-Wilk, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests were used to determine whether the data were normally distributed or skewed. The incidence of mortality and major complication data in different age groups and frailty tiers are presented as percent incidence. The univariate analyses for age and mFI-5 were performed for the following outcomes: 30-day mortality, major complication, unplanned reoperation, unplanned readmission, hospital LOS, and discharge to a nonhome destination. Multivariable modeling of age and mFI-5, controlling for covariates, was done to define the discriminative ability of each measure. Effect sizes were summarized by odds ratio (OR) (dichotomous outcomes) or beta coefficients (continuous outcomes) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to investigate the individual discrimination of age and frailty (by mFI-5) for mortality, and corresponding area under the curve (AUC) was depicted with 95% CI. For all purposes, p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.