Loratadine

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

Loratadine is a laboratory-grade chemical compound used in various research and development applications. It is a white, crystalline powder with a molecular formula of C22H23ClN2O2. Loratadine is commonly used as a reference standard or analytical tool, but its specific applications may vary depending on the research or testing requirements.

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Lab products found in correlation

18 protocols using loratadine

Lipid Standards and Cell Line Protocols

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Synthetic lipid standards, chemicals, and solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), Rathburn Chemicals (Walkerburn, Scotland), Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA), and Larodan AB (Solna, Sweden), unless otherwise specified. Cell lines used were human female cervix cancer cell line (HeLa, a kind gift from Prof. J. Bartek, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark) and human female osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS, ATCC HTB-96, VA, USA), and human female ductal breast carcinoma cell line (a highly tumor necrosis factor-sensitive subclone of MCF-7 cells (Jaattela, 1995 (link)), hereafter called MCF7). Cell culturing media and supplements were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA).
Siramesine (kind gift from Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark), ebastine (Cayman Chemical, #15372), loratadine (Sigma-Aldrich, L9664), L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #SC-285992), and bafilomycin A1 (Cell Signaling Technology, #54645) were all dissolved in DMSO. Lysoglycerophatidylcholine (LPC) 17:0 (Avanti Polar Lipids, USA, 855676C) was dissolved in chloroform. To supply it into cell culture media, they were vacuum centrifuged for 20 min and then dissolved in FCS by shaking at 2000 rpm and 4°C for 16 h. For a list of chemicals, reagents and technical equipment, and their suppliers, see Supplemental Tables S4 and S5.

Nielsen I.Ø., Clemmensen K.K., Fogde D.L., Dietrich T.N., Giacobini J.D., Bilgin M., Jäättelä M, & Maeda K. (2024). Cationic amphiphilic drugs induce accumulation of cytolytic lysoglycerophospholipids in the lysosomes of cancer cells and block their recycling into common membrane glycerophospholipids. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 35(3), ar25.

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Detailed Small Molecule Preparation

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Penfluridol, astemizole, and terfenadine were obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich^® (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Penfluridol (P3371) and terfenadine (T9652) were diluted in absolute EtOH (EMSURE^®) to a stock solution of 50 mm. Likewise, astemizole (A2861), sertindole (S8072), chlorprothixene (C1671), chlorpromazine (C8138), clemastine (SML0445), and loratadine (L9664) were diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma‐Aldrich^®) to a stock solution of 50 mm (Table S1). Serial dilutions were established by diluting these stock solutions in the cell‐specific medium of the various cell lines (Table S1).

van der Horst G., van de Merbel A.F., Ruigrok E., van der Mark M.H., Ploeg E., Appelman L., Tvingsholm S., Jäätelä M., van Uhm J., Kruithof‐de Julio M., Thalmann G.N., Pelger R.C., Bangma C.H., Boormans J.L., van der Pluijm G, & Zwarthoff E.C. (2020). Cationic amphiphilic drugs as potential anticancer therapy for bladder cancer. Molecular Oncology, 14(12), 3121-3134.

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Compound Solubilization and Characterization

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Compounds were obtained from ThermoFisher Scientific (amitriptyline hydrochloride, carbamazepine) and Sigma-Aldrich (chlorpromazine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine sulfoxide, clemastine fumarate salt, des loratadine, haloperidol, imipramine hydrochloride, loratadine, remdesivir, terfenadine, camostat mesylate and E64D). All compounds were solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The final concentration of DMSO was 0.01% for all experiments.

Morin-Dewaele M., Bartier S., Berry F., Brillet R., López-Molina D.S., Nguyễn C.T., Maille P., Sereno K., Nevers Q., Softic L., Vaugeois J.M., Louis B., Bequignon E., Bruscella P., Coste A., Pawlotsky J.M., Jamain S, & Ahmed-Belkacem A. (2022). Desloratadine, an FDA-approved cationic amphiphilic drug, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture and primary human nasal epithelial cells by blocking viral entry. Scientific Reports, 12, 21053.

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Quantifying Murine Retroviral Infection

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Six-week-old female C57BL/6 or Sash mice were infected i.p. with MuLV/Friend (1 × 10⁹ copies) for indicated times. In some mice, C48/80 (1 mg/kg) was administered along with infection, and Ebastine (5 mg/kg) or Loratadine (10 mg/kg) (both from Sigma-Aldrich) was administered 1 day before infection and treatment was continued each day during infection. At necropsy, spleen, blood or bone marrow (BM) were harvested, and total cellular RNAs were extracted with TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies) and then reverse transcribed to cDNA with ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix with genome DNA Remover Kit (TOYOBO). Viral replication was quantified by measuring the expression of viral gag gene with PCR quantification using the GoldStar TaqMan Mixture (CWBiao). PCR was performed using the Thunderbird SYBR qPCR Mix (TOYOBO) on the ABI 7900HT Real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems), with an initial denaturation step for 10 min at 95°C, amplification with 40 cycles of denaturation (95°C, 15 s), annealing and extension (60°C, 1 min). The primers for gag, forward, 5′-CTC TTT CTC CGA GGA CCC AG- 3′, reverse, 5′-GTC ATT GGG CAG CTG AGT TG- 3′, and the probe: 5′-FAM- ACA GCT TTG ATC GAG TCC GTT CTC CT-TAMRA- 3′.

Song S.T., Wu M.L., Zhang H.J., Su X, & Wang J.H. (2022). Mast Cell Activation Triggered by Retrovirus Promotes Acute Viral Infection. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 798660.

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Formulation and Evaluation of Loratadine Nanoemulsion

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Loratadine (BP), sulpiride (BP), Olive oil (highly refined), Sodium deoxycholate, Soya bean phsphatidylecholine (EP), Ovalbumin (Grade V) and cellulose membrane (molecular weight cutoff 12000– 14000) were bought from Sigma–Aldrich Chemical Co. (Poole, UK). Tween 80 (chemically pure), Al (OH)₃ and Glycerol were obtained from Fisher Chemical (Loughborough, UK). Other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and purchased from El-Nasr Pharmaceutical Company (Cairo, Egypt).

Mohamad S.A., Safwat M.A., Elrehany M., Maher S.A., Badawi A.M, & Mansour H.F. (2021). A novel nasal co-loaded loratadine and sulpiride nanoemulsion with improved downregulation of TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-1 in rabbit models of ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis. Drug Delivery, 28(1), 229-239.

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Chondrosarcoma Cell Line Treatment with AGEs and Loratadine

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The human chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 cells used in our study were purchased from ATCC. The cells were routinely maintained in Leibovitz’s L-15 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% compound antibiotics (100 units/mL penicillin, 100 μg/mL streptomycin). All cell cultures were kept in a humidified incubator environment with 95% air and 5% CO₂ at 37°C. The AGE cell treatment reagent was freshly prepared in 150 mg/mL stock solution. Loratadine was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. For the treatment experiments, SW1353 cells were plated on different size plates and allowed to grow to the desired degree of confluence. The confluent cells were then treated with 50, 100, and 150 μg/mL AGEs for 24 hours. To test the effect of Loratadine, 25 and 50 µM concentrations of the drug were added to the cell media during the same time window as the AGEs. SW1353 cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, USA). Experiments were approved by the ethics committee of Jilin University.

Gao F, & Zhang S. (2020). Loratadine Alleviates Advanced Glycation End Product-Induced Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Human Chondrocytes. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 14, 2899-2908.

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Protein Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Loratadine, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA), cholera toxin (CT), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and antibodies specific to β-actin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibody specific for Akt (#2920S), phosphor-Akt (ser473, #4058S), β-catenin (#9562L), GSK-3β (27C10, #9315), phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9, #9336), p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (#9102S), and p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204, #9101S) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies specific for tyrosinase (C-19) and PKC-βII (C-18) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Microphthalmia (MITF) Ab-1 (C5, MS-771-P0) was obtained from Neomarkers (Fremont, CA, USA).

Moon H.R., Jo S.Y., Kim H.T., Lee W.J., Won C.H., Lee M.W., Choi J.H, & Chang S.E. (2019). Loratadine, an H1 Antihistamine, Inhibits Melanogenesis in Human Melanocytes. BioMed Research International, 2019, 5971546.

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Modulation of Allergic Responses by H4R and H1R Antagonists

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The selective H4R antagonist JNJ7777120 and selective H1R antagonist loratadine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The drugs were dissolved in 0.5% methycellulose (Spectrum Chemical, Gardena, CA) and diluted with saline for in vivo studies or dissolved in RPMI medium for in vitro studies. PE sensitized and challenged WT mice received different doses (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) of the antagonists by gavage using a 22-gauge feeding needle (Fisher Scientific) twice a day during the peanut challenge phase. The doses of the antagonists were chosen based on the effects of these antagonists in allergic diseases (9 (link), 12 (link), 23 (link)). Controls included PE sensitized and challenged but vehicle (saline)-treated (PE/PE/vehicle) or sham sensitized but PE challenged and vehicle-treated (PBS/PE/vehicle) mice.

Wang M., Han J., Domenico J., Shin Y.S., Jia Y, & Gelfand E.W. (2016). Combined Blockade of the Histamine H1 and H4 Receptor Suppresses Peanut-Induced Intestinal Anaphylaxis by Regulating Dendritic Cell Function. Allergy, 71(11), 1561-1574.

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Analgesic Compound Preparation and Application

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Formalin, compound 48/80 (Cat#C2313), CQ (Cat#C6628), Loratadine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, Cat#A7250), N-tert-butyl-a-phenylnitrone (PBN, Cat#B7263), and AITC (Cat#377430) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Nalfurafine was purchased from MCE. HC-030031 (Cat#2896), Capsazepine (CPZ, Cat#0464), HC067047 (Cat#4100), and U0126 (Cat#U120) were obtained from Tocris (Bristol, UK). Morphine hydrochloride was obtained from China Northeast Pharmaceutical Group Shenyang No.1 Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd (Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China). Naloxone hydrochloride was obtained from China Sinopharm Group Guorui Pharmaceutical CO., Ltd. (Huainan City, Anhui Province, China). PBN, Capsazepine, and HC030031 were dissolved in 10% DMSO. Other reagents were dissolved in sterile saline unless specified otherwise. Formalin was dissolved in CIB for Ca²⁺ imaging analysis.

Liu X., Zhang J.T., Hu Y., Shan W.Q., Wang Z.H., Fu Q.Y., Fu D.N., Ji J, & Liu T. (2021). Formalin Itch Test: Low-Dose Formalin Induces Histamine-Independent, TRPA1-Mediated Itch in Mice. Frontiers in Medicine, 8, 627725.

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Multifaceted Pharmaceutical Extraction Optimization

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To represent acidic, basic, and neutral pharmaceuticals diclofenac sodium, loratadine, acetaminophen, carbamazepine, citalopram hydrobromide, propranolol hydrochloride, fluoxetine hydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, and erythromycin were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Poole, UK) and assigned according to their predicted state at pH 7 (see Supporting Information). For the amphiphilic (surfactant) class, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Poole, UK) and included benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (BAC‐C12), benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (BAC‐C14), and an aliphatic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HDTMA). While as ISs acetaminophen‐(methyl‐d₃) and 10,11‐dihydrocarbamazpine, pronethalol hydrochloride, and talopram hydrochloride were purchased from Tocris (Abingdon, England) and benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride‐d₇ (BAC‐C14‐d₇) from Toronto Research Chemicals (Ontario, Canada). For sample preparation, modified QuEChERS extraction kits were obtained from Biotage (Uppsala, Sweden) with formic acid, acetonitrile, and water (HPLC‐grade) from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). As complex matrices for proof‐of‐concept testing, garden soil was collected from an undisclosed location in West Wales and blood plasma sourced from Seralab (West Sussex, UK).

Townsend R., van Keulen G., Desbrow C, & Godfrey A.R. (2020). An investigation of the utility of QuEChERS for extracting acid, base, neutral and amphiphilic species from example environmental and clinical matrices. Analytical Science Advances, 1(3), 152-160.

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