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26 protocols using au5800 clinical chemistry system

1

Metabolic Biomarkers and Insulin Resistance

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Blood samples (10 mL) were drawn by venipuncture after a 12-hour overnight fast from the 505 subjects. Biochemical tests included glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), AST, ALT, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). All biochemical tests were determined with the AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System (Beckman Coulter´s Inc. CA, USA). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) was calculated by the Friedewald formula [34 (link)]. The very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) concentration was calculated as Total Cholesterol—(LDL-c + HDL-c). Prediabetes was diagnosed if fasting glucose levels were 100–125 mg/dL and diabetes if fasting glucose levels were ≥126 mg/dL [35 (link)]. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated with the equation: IR = fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) x fasting serum insulin (μU/mL)/405 [36 (link)].
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2

Cross-Sectional Hepatitis B Genomic Study

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This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2012 and 2018 at the Department of Genomic Medicine in Hepatology, Hospital Civil “Fray Antonio Alcalde” in Guadalajara in collaboration with the Institute of Tropical Medicine and School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil. Adult patients of any age with risk factors for viral hepatitis and laboratory evidence of HBV infection (based on HBsAg) were included in the study. The levels of liver enzymes were measured with an AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System (Beckman Coulter Inc. USA). General information including sex, age, and treatment was obtained from the patient’s clinical history. Informed consent was obtained from all patients. A total of 158 HBV sequences were studied, 46 were obtained via de novo experimental work and 112 were downloaded from GenBank (Fig. 1). Mexican GenBank sequences were included to increase population size and reduce bias in prevalence calculations.
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3

Noninvasive Assessment of Hepatic Fibrosis

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Hepatic fibrosis was assessed using three noninvasive methods: transient elastography (TE), the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelets ratio index score (APRI), and the fibrosis-4 score (FIB4). The FibroScan instrument (Echosens, Paris, France) was used for transient elastography, and the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was expressed in kilopascals (kPa). The LSM results were categorized into four stages: F1 (<7.1 kPa), F2 (≥7.1 kPa), F3 (≥9.3 kPa), and F4, indicating cirrhosis (≥12.3 kPa). Moreover, mild liver fibrosis was defined as F1–F2, while advanced liver fibrosis encompassed F3–F4 [16 (link)]. The AST and alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels were determined using the AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA), employing its enzymatic method. The APRI score was calculated considering the upper limit of normal (ULN) serum AST level of 40 IU/L in the following equation: [(AST level IU/L)/(AST ULN) × 100]/platelet count 109/L [17 (link),18 (link)]. The FIB4 was calculated using the following equation: (age − years) × (AST level IU/L)/(platelet count 109/L) × (ALT)1/2 IU/L) [19 (link)]. Significant hepatic fibrosis was considered for an APRI value of ≥0.7, while advanced fibrosis was determined for a FIB4 value of ≥3.25 [20 (link),21 (link)].
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4

Pleural Fluid Analysis for Empyema Diagnosis

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A maximum of 1 mL of pleural fluid was removed for analysis at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after bacterial injection. The pH and the glucose of the pleural fluid were analyzed using a blood gas machine (ABL800 FLEX Blood Gas Analyzer Radiometer Medical ApS, Denmark), and lactate-D-hydrogenase (LDH) levels were analyzed using a standard biochemistry laboratory (AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System Beckman Coulter, Inc, CA; US). An empyema was said to be present if the pleural fluid appeared grossly infected, if the glucose was <40 mg/dL-1 and if the pleural fluid pH was <7.10 and the LDH was >1.000 U/L-1.
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5

Anthropometric and Metabolic Profiling

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Anthropometric measurements data, including gender, age were collected. Height, weight, waist, and hip circumference (WC, HC) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h OGTT, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by chemical analysis (Beckman Coulter AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System, Newark, USA).
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6

Diabetic Rat Urine and Blood Analysis

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Before BOLD-MRI, rats from the randomly chosen DM group were placed in metabolic cages for 24 h to collect 24-h urine samples. The urine albumin concentration was determined using a Beckman Coulter IMMAGE® 800 Immunochemistry system and associated reagents (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and then multiplied by 24 h urine volume to get 24 h urinary albumin excretion. Blood creatinine and urea nitrogen were tested from tail vein blood samples using a Beckman Coulter AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System (Beckman Coulter) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and this group was euthanized for histopathological examination, as previously stated.
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7

Cardiovascular Risk Factor Assessment

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Demographic information, smoking habit, history of hypertension, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin A1C (A1C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and homocysteine (Hcy) of each participant were obtained. Body weight and height were measured using standard methods and BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2). Resting blood pressure was measured twice according to standard protocol and the results were averaged. Serum concentrations of fasting TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and Hcy were measured using an automated biochemical analyzer (AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). A1C was measured using the D-10 Hemoglobin Testing System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
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8

Comprehensive Blood Chemistry Analysis

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CRP level, liver panel, and other blood chemistry data were measured at the same time as the cytokines using a Beckman Coulter AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System (Beckman Coulter, Miami, FL, USA). Data related to viral hepatitis were measured using an Architecti2000 analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA). Platelet counts were measured using an XE-2100 differential analyzer (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan).
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9

Metabolic Biomarkers in Diabetic Patients

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Each participant was invited to complete a self‐designed structured questionnaire to obtain information on age, sex, bodyweight, body height and smoking habit, hypertension and duration of diabetes mellitus. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2).
Laboratory biomarkers including 24 hours urinary albumin excretion and ACR, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and homocysteine were assayed. Serum concentrations of fasting triglyceride, TC, HDLC, LDLC and homocysteine were measured using an automated biochemical analyzer (AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System; Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA). HBA1c was measured using the D‐10 Hemoglobin Testing System (Bio‐Rad, Hercules, CA).
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10

Plasma TP and ALB Quantification

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The levels of TP and ALB were detected in the plasma of experimental animals using an automatic biochemical analyzer (AU5800 Clinical Chemistry System, Beckman Coulter, S. Kraemer Boulevard Brea, CA92821, USA).
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