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23 protocols using oneview 4k camera

1

Mouse Backskin Tissue Preparation

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Mouse backskin was spread on whatman paper and immersion fixed in 2% formaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde in 0,1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (Applichem) for 48 h at 4 °C.
For epon embedding, fixed tissue was washed with 0,1 M sodium cacodylate buffer, incubated with 2%OsO4 (Science Services) in 0,1 M cacodylate buffer for 2 h at 4 °C, and washed three times with 0,1 M cacodylate buffer. Subsequently, tissue was dehydrated at 4 °C using ascending ethanol series for 15 min 50%, overnight 70%, 15 min 90%, 3 × 15 min 100%, 15 min 50% ethanol/propylene oxide and 2 × 15 min 100% propylene oxide. Tissue was infiltrated for 2 h with 50% epon in propylene oxide (Sigma Aldrich), 2 h 75% epon in propylene oxide, overnight 100% epon and finally 2 h with fresh epon at RT. Tissue was transferred into embedding moulds and cured for 72 h at 60 °C. Ultrathin sections of 70 nm were cut using an ultramicrotome (Leica Microsystems, UC6) and a diamond knife (Diatome, Biel, Switzerland) and stained with 1.5% uranyl acetate for 15 min at 37 °C and lead citrate solution for 4 min. Images were acquired using a JEM-2100 Plus Transmission Electron Microscope (JEOL) operating at 80 kV equipped with a OneView 4 K camera (Gatan).
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2

Visualizing Phage Particles via TEM

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Purified phage particles at a concentration of 109 PFU/mL were deposited on 300 mesh carbon-coated copper grids (Agar Scientific, United Kingdom) and negatively stained with 1% uranyl acetate (pH 4) as follows: the surface of the copper grids were ionized for 2 min immediately prior to sample deposition. 5 μL of phage lysate were spotted on the surface of the grid and allowed to stand for 1 min. This was followed by 30 sec negative staining and subsequent air drying of the grid. Visualization was performed using a JEOL JEM-1400Plus TEM, operated at 120 kV (pixel size = 0.1 nm), equipped with a Gatan OneView 4K camera with automatic drift correction.
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3

Mitochondrial Ultrastructure Preservation and Imaging

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Extracted mitochondria were treated based on (Unger et al, 2017) (link), but fixed in suspension using 1.5% glutaraldehyde, 3% formaldehyde, and 2.5% sucrose in 0.1M sodium cacodylate buffer o/n at 4°C. Mitochondria were spun down into a pellet at 13,000g in a 1.5-ml microfuge tube. The fragile pellet was washed carefully three times with ddH2O and postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 1 h at 4°C. The pellet was washed four times with ddH2O and incubated in 0.5% uranyl acetate overnight at 4°C. The pellet was washed three times in ddH2O and embedded in 2% low-melting agarose, which was cut into small pieces of 1-mm edge length using a razor blade. Agar pieces were dehydrated for 15 min using ascending ethanol concentrations of 50%, 70%, 90%, 2× 100%, and 2× propylene oxide at 4°C. Pieces were infiltrated with Epon/propylene oxide 1:1 overnight at 4°C and pure Epon for 6 h at RT and embedded into BEEM capsules with conical tip (#69913-01; Science Services) and cured for 48 h at 60°C. Images were acquired using a OneView 4K camera (Gatan) mounted on a Jem-2100Plus (Jeol) transmission electron microscope operating at 200 kV. Large montages of 100 images were acquired using SerialEM (Mastronarde, 2003 (link)).
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4

Transmission Electron Microscopy of sEVs

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed on the putative sEV preparation in order to visualise and assess/confirm the size range of the vesicles as described before [37 (link)]. Samples were visualised using a JEOL JEM1400-Plus (Jeol, Tokio, Japan) (120 kV, LaB6) microscope equipped with a Gatan OneView 4K camera at 30× k magnification, and 10–15 pictures per grid were taken.
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5

Ultrastructural Analysis of Mouse Intestine

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The intestine was fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde/2% formaldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3) for 48 h at 4 °C. Afterwards, samples were rinsed in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (AppliChem) and post-fixed with 2% osmium tetroxid (Science Services) in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer for 2 h at 4 °C. Samples were dehydrated through an ascending ethanol series (AppliChem) and embedded in epoxy resin (Sigma-Aldrich). Ultrathin sections (70 nm) were cut with a diamond knife (Diatome) on an ultramicrotome (EM-UC6, Leica Microsystems) and placed on 100-mesh copper grids (Science Services). The sections were contrasted with 1.5% uranyl acetate (Plano) and lead citrate (Sigma-Aldrich). Images were acquired with a transmission electron microscope (JEM 2100 Plus, JEOL) and a OneView 4K camera (Gatan) with DigitalMicrograph software (v3.x, Gatan) at 80 kV at room temperature (RT). For each mouse and for each measured phenotype, ten random images were taken and the final score for each mouse was calculated as a mean value obtained from ten images. Imaging and scoring of electron microscope data were carried out under blinded conditions.
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6

Ultrastructural Imaging of Migrating Cells

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Migrating cells were fixed in a 2% formaldehyde/1% glutaraldehyde in PBS solution for 1 hr at room temperature, then washed in PBS. Cells were embedded in a gel of 10% BSA and 10% gelatin. Post fixation was performed in reduced osmium (1% OsO4 +1% K3Fe(CN)6) in water at 4 °C for 1 hr. After extensive washes, cells were incubated in 1% Thiocarbohydrazine in water for 20 min at room temperature and then washed and incubated with 2% OsO4 in water for 30 min at room temperature. After washes, cells were contrasted with 1% uranyl acetate overnight at 4 °C. The following day, the uranyl acetate solution was removed and the samples washed using pure water. Cells were incubated with a pH 5.5 lead nitrate in aspartic acid solution for 30 min at room temperature, washed in water and dehydrated in successive ethanol baths. Cells were embedded in Agar Low Viscosity Resin (Agar Scientific). 70 nm-thick thin sections were cut using a UC6 ultramicrotome from Leica and deposited on EM grids. Electron microscopy acquisitions were performed using a 120kV Tecnai 12 electron microscope (ThermoFisher) equiped with a OneView 4 K camera (Gatan).
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7

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Imaging

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Cells were fixed in fixation buffer (2% glutaraldehyde, 2.5% sucrose, 3 mM CaCl2, 100 mM HEPES‐KOH pH 7.2) at room temperature for 30 min and 4°C for 30 min. Samples were washed three times in 1% osmium tetroxide, 1.25% sucrose, and 1% potassium ferrocyanide in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer. After dehydration in alcohol gradient series and propylene oxide, the tissue samples were embedded. Ultrathin sections were cut on a diamond knife (Diatome, Biel, Switzerland) on a Leica ultramicrotome and placed on copper grids (Science Services, 100mesh). Sections were stained with uranyl acetate (Plano, 1.5%) and lead citrate (Sigma) and examined with an electron microscope (JEM 2100 Plus, JEOL) with a OneView 4 K camera (Gatan) with DigitalMicrograph software at 80 kV.
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8

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Fat Bodies

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Fat bodies were fixed in 4% formaldehyde (Science Services) and 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Merck) in 0.1 M Cacodylate buffer (AppliChem) for 48 h at 4 °C. After washing in 0.1 M Cacodylate buffer, tissues were treated with 2% osmiumtetroxid (Science Services) in 0.1 M Cacodylate buffer for 2 h. After dehydration of the sample with ascending ethanol concentrations followed by propylenoxid, samples were embedded in Epon (Sigma). Ultrathin sections (70 nm) were cut (EM-UC7, Leica Microsystems), collected onto mesh copper grids (Electron Microscopy Sciences) and contrasted with uranyl acetate (Plano GmbH) and lead citrate (Sigma). At least ten images per sample were acquired with a transmission electron microscope (JEM 2100 Plus, JEOL), a OneView 4K camera (Gatan) with DigitalMicrograph software at 80 kV at room temperature.
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9

Transmission Electron Microscopy of EVs

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The established protocol of Bachurski et al. [50 (link)] was applied. Briefly, 5 µL of each sample was loaded onto formvar-coated copper grids (Science Services, Munich, Germany). After 20 min incubation, the grid-bound EVs were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde for 5 min. Samples were washed with PBS and fixed again with 1% glutaraldehyde for 5 min, washed with Milli-Q water, and incubated with contrast dye (1.5% uranyl acetate) for 4 min. Images were acquired using a Gatan OneView 4 K camera (Gatan, Pleasanton, CA, USA) mounted on a Jem-2100Plus microscope (JEOL) operating at 200 kV.
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10

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Fe-oxidizing Cells

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A 2-μl aliquot from the enrichment grown with Fe(II) was placed onto a carbon film grid (Electron Microscopy Sciences) and allowed to settle for 1 min. After additional liquid was wicked from the grid, 2 μl of aqueous 2% uranyl acetate was immediately added and allowed 30 s to fully immerse the grid. Following a final wick of the grid, it was allowed to dry leaving a thin film of cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were obtained using JEOL 2100 STEM in the Roy J. Carver High Resolution Microscopy facility at ISU. The images were captured under normal high vacuum conditions at 200 kV with a Gatan OneView 4K camera. Fluorescence images were obtained as described in section “Growth Experiments With Fe(II).”
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