Pentane

OH-PAH standards including 1-hydroxypyrene [1PYR (MW: 218.26 g/mol, purity 98%)] and 2-naphthol [2NAP, (MW: 144.17 g/mol, purity 99%)] were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Inc., (St Louis, MO). HPLC-grade reagents including acetonitrile, methanol, pentane, isooctane and ethyl acetate were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Sodium acetate (reagent grade, >99%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (ACS reagent, ≥99%) and the enzyme β-glucuronidase (from Helix pomatia, type HP-2) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Type I ultrapure water was obtained from Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA). All stock solutions were prepared by dissolving 1 mg of the native metabolites in 100 mL of methanol to obtain a 10 µg/mL concentration. Two working solutions of 2NAP and 1PYR were prepared by diluting the stock solution in methanol to yield a final concentration of either 0.5 µg/mL or 0.05 µg/mL. Calibration solutions (6 levels) were prepared in blank pooled urine matrix by spiking appropriate volumes of the working solutions to yield the following concentration ranges: 2NAP, 1–25 ng/mL and 1PYR, 0.1–6 ng/mL. All stock and working standards were prepared in amber vials and stored at −20 °C until further use.

Silicon (Si) wafers (University
wafer, rms <0.5 nm), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (McMaster,
rms = 29 nm), and glass surfaces (Corning, rms = 87 nm) were used
as flat surfaces. Textured surfaces were fabricated using photolithography
with SU-8 (Kayaku) as the photoresist. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)
(Sigma-Aldrich) in pentane (Fisher Chemical) or toluene (Fisher Chemical)
solutions were used for surface modification. SH_x_y was used to identify
the SH surfaces where x corresponds to the diameter of circular pillars
and y corresponds to the pillar spacing in μm. The cylindrical
pillars, with a height of approximately 80 μm, were arranged
in a square lattice.

For the synthesis of the 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane (CPH) and 1,8-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane (CPTEG) monomers and the corresponding 20:80 CPTEG:CPH copolymer, and the ivermectin and doxycycline-loaded nanoparticles, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetone, acetonitrile, chloroform, dimethyl formamide, ethyl ether, hexane, methylene chloride, pentane, petroleum ether, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and toluene were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fairlawn, NJ). The chemicals 1,6-dibromohexane, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, hydroxybenzoic acid, N,N-dimethylacetamide, sebacic acid, and tri-ethylene glycol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The chemical 4-p-fluorobenzonitrile was purchased from Apollo Scientific (Cheshire, UK). For ¹H NMR analysis deuterated chloroform and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Andover, MA). Rhodamine B, a fluorescent dye, and the drugs, ivermectin and doxycycline, were purchased from Sigma Life Science (St. Louis, MO).

For polymer synthesis, N,N-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEM), polyvinylpyrrolidone (MW = 40,000 Da), and pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Alpha-bromoisobutyryl bromide, basic alumina powder, copper acetate monohydrate, diethyl ether, magnesium sulfate, methylene chloride, n-propylamine, pentane, Pluronic^® F127, Pluronic^® P123, sea sand, sodium borohydride, triethylamine, and toluene were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).

The chemical standards dimethyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, 2‐methyl‐1‐propanal, 2,3‐butanedione, 2‐butanone, chloroform, 2‐methyl‐1‐propanol, 3‐methylbutanal, 3‐methyl‐2‐butanone, 2‐methylbutanal, 2‐pentanone, 1‐penten‐3‐ol, pentanal, 3‐pentanone, acetoin, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, methylcyclohexane, dimethyl disulfide, 2‐methyl‐1‐butanol, 2‐penten‐1‐ol, 3‐hexanone, hexanal, ethyl butyrate, 1,2‐dimethylcyclohexane, 1‐hexanol, 2‐heptanone, dimethyl trisulfide, octanal, 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol, 2‐nonanone, nonanal, decanal, 2‐undecanone, and 4‐heptanone were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. The chemical standards 2,4‐octadiene and 1,1,3‐trimethylcyclohexane were purchased from BOC Sciences. Pentane, n‐heptane, toluene, sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), and anhydrous powder (ACS grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific.