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C diff quik chek complete

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The C. Diff Quik Chek Complete is a laboratory diagnostic test used to detect the presence of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) in stool samples. The test utilizes both membrane and enzyme immunoassay technologies to identify the C. diff glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and toxins A and B.

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8 protocols using c diff quik chek complete

1

Fecal Microbiome Analysis of C. difficile Infection

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We collected de-identified fecal samples from adult patients whose feces were sent to the Inter-mountain Healthcare microbiology laboratory for C. difficile testing. Patients were defined to have CDI by positive results for GDH and toxin enzyme immunoassay (C. diff Quik Chek Complete, Alere). Controls were randomly selected from diarrheal samples sent for C. difficile testing but had negative GDH and toxin enzyme immunoassay results. Samples were de-identified and only data regarding age, gender, CDI status (positive or negative), and CDI severity were linked to the stools by a study number. Severe disease was determined by chart review using the modified University of Illinois criteria excluding the presence of pseudomembranous colitis [22 (link), 23 (link)]. The study protocol was submitted to the Institutional Review Boards of the University of Utah and Intermountain Healthcare and deemed to be exempt from review.
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2

Retrospective Cohort Study of CDI Diagnosis

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We conducted a retrospective cohort study at 4 geographically and temporally distinct cohorts, including (1) the University of Michigan (UM) from 2010 to 2012 and (2) 2015 to 2016; (3) University of Wisconsin (UW) from 2014 to 2015; and (4) the University of Chicago (UC) from 2013 to 2015, as previously described [14 ]. Adult subjects age ≥18 years diagnosed with CDI were included in our analysis. CDI was diagnosed by the presence of diarrhea (≥3 unformed stools in a 24-hour period) and positive stool testing. At UW and UC, a diagnosis of CDI was made using a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the tcdB gene (Simplexa C. difficile Universal Direct, Diasorin Molecular LLC, Cypress, CA, USA). At UM, a diagnosis of CDI was made using 2-step mechanism testing in which C. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxins A or B (C. Diff Quik Chek Complete, Alere, Waltham, MA, USA) were evaluated, and discordant result (GDH+/toxin−) stool tests were subjected to analysis for the tcdB gene by real-time PCR.
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3

Comparative CDI Testing Protocol

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The testing protocols for CDI were similar at both study sites. CDI cases were identified using a tiered approach in which clinical specimens submitted for C. difficile testing were first processed using a combined glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and toxin A/B EIA (C. Diff Quik Chek Complete, Alere, Kansas City, MO). In instances of concordance (ie, both negative or both positive), the results are reported as negative or positive. In instances of discordance, reflex testing by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for presence of toxin B gene (tcdB) using a commercial assay was conducted. The Xpert C. difficile assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA) was used at MGH. At UM, the GeneOhm assay (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was used through 2013 and the Simplexa assay (Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, CA) was used thereafter. At MGH, formed stools were not rejected from the microbiology laboratory during the study period. At UM, formed stools were rejected beginning in May 2015. At each institution, the decision to test rested with the clinicians caring for the patient.
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4

Surveillance of Recurrent C. difficile

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This study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2016, and only patients aged at least 20 years were included. In routine clinical care, stool samples from those with suspected CDI were tested by GeneXpert C. difficile PCR assay (Cepheid, CA, USA) in the Hospital A, BD GeneOhm™ Cdiff PCR assay (BD Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA) in the Hospital B, C, and D, or C. Diff Quik Chek Complete (Alere, Waltham, MA, USA) in the Hospital E. If positive, stools were plated on cycloserine-cefoxitin-fructose agar and incubated anaerobically for 24–48 h. During the study period, fecal samples or C. difficile isolates in the Hospital A, B, C, and E, were submitted to the Hospital D for cultures and further tests. For surveillance purposes, the isolate collected >60 days after the initial one was considered a new and distinct one and those collected between 14 and 60 days after the initial isolate were regarded as recurrent ones.13 (link) The isolates obtained within 14 days after the initial isolate were excluded.
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5

Ridinilazole vs. Vancomycin for C. Difficile

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Ridinilazole (200 mg) was given orally twice daily for 10 days, with participants also receiving two doses of placebo to preserve blinding through consistency with the dosing schedule in the vancomycin group, while vancomycin (125 mg) was given orally four times daily for 10 days. Use of other antibiotics to treat C difficile infection was prohibited, as were probiotics, antidiarrhoeal drugs, antiperistaltic drugs, and other products used to slow bowel movement. The first dose of study medication was administered following completion of screening procedures, baseline assessments, and randomisation (appendix). As part of the baseline assessments, stool samples were assessed for the presence of free C difficile toxin with either an enzyme immunoassay test (C. Diff Quik Chek Complete; Alere, Waltham, MA, USA) provided by the sponsor to each site or a cell cytotoxicity neutralisation assay at a central laboratory (South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, IN, USA). Participants were assessed for clinical response to treatment on day 4–6, at the end of treatment (day 10–11), at test of cure (day 12–14), at weekly follow-up visits after completion of treatment (day 13–39), at a follow-up site visit (day 22–28), and at an end-of-study visit (day 37–43). In addition, unscheduled visits could be made if recurrence was suspected.
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6

Diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infection

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Diagnosis of CDI was based on current recommendations, using a two-step algorithm with a combined test of GDH and toxins (C. DIFF QUIK CHEK COMPLETE®, Alere, Waltham, MA, USA) followed by PCR (GeneXpert® Systems, Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) in cases of non-contributing result.
For a GDH-positive sample, quantitative culture was performed. At least 3 colonies by culture were characterized at the National Reference Center (NRC) by PCR multiplex detection of tcdA, tcdB, tpi, tcdC, cdtA, cdtB genes and PCR ribotyping [24 (link),25 (link)].
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7

Detecting Clostridioides difficile Toxin

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Each subculture in a CM broth was first filtered using a syringe with a filter with 0.45-μm pores (Fisher Scientific, 09-719B). The filtrate was then tested with the commercial C. diff Quik Chek Complete (Alere) EIA test per Vendor’s instructions to determine the presence of CD by detecting GDH antigen and its toxigenicity by detecting toxins A and B.
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8

Characterization of C. difficile Isolates

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A total of 109 C. difficile clinical isolates (toxigenic and non toxigenic) were collected from hospitalized patients at the Lausanne University Hospital during the year 2012 (Supplementary file 1). Stools of symptomatic patients were tested for the presence of C. difficile glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and the A/B toxins with an immunochromatographic test (C. Diff. Quik Chek Complete®, Alere, Orlando, FL, USA). If positive, stools were cultured and C. difficile isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods. In addition to clinical isolates, a collection of 18 strains (Supplementary file 1) with known PCR ribotypes was included in the study (strains were kindly provided by F. Barbut, see Acknowledgments section). Presence of toxins was assessed by a 5-plex PCR assay targeting the toxin genes tcdA, tcdB, cdtA and cdtB, in addition to 16S rDNA as previously described [15] .
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