OFI (L.) Mill. cladodes were harvested from wild plants growing in hilly area near to Messina (Sicily, Italy) in April 2013. Young cladodes (20–25 cm length), without flowers and fruits, were used. The cladodes deprived of glochids were homogenized in a high-speed mixer, Ultra-Turrax for 5 min, and then lyophilized. A voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium of our department (Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences) (University of Messina). Two grams of lyophilized cladodes were extracted with 200 mL of methanol for 7 days in the dark. The extract was filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuo (40°C) (Büchi Rotavapor R-205 equipped with Büchi Vacuum Controller V-800). The yield was 25.35%.
Vacuum controller v 800
Manufactured by Büchi
Sourced in Germany, Switzerland
The Vacuum Controller V-800 is a device designed to monitor and control the vacuum pressure in laboratory equipment. It measures the vacuum level and allows for setting and maintaining the desired pressure within the system.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Rotavapor r 205, by Büchi (2 mentions)
Vac v 500, by Büchi (1 mentions)
Hplc grade, by AppliChem (1 mentions)
Concentrator plus, by Eppendorf (1 mentions)
Suprapur, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Recirculating chiller f 105, by Büchi (1 mentions)
Modulyo freeze dryer, by Labconco (1 mentions)
Emulsiflex c5, by Avestin (1 mentions)
5 protocols using vacuum controller v 800
1
Optimization of Opuntia ficus-indica Cladode Extraction
2
Hydrolysis Method for Extracellular Polysaccharide Analysis
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The hydrolysis method was adapted and modified from de Swaaf et al. (2001) (link). Prior to hydrolysis, 1 mL of extracted EPS solution was evaporated to dryness in a vacuum centrifuge (Concentrator Plus, Eppendorf) at 45°C in vacuum. The dried EPS were dissolved in 150 μL of 2 M trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (HPLC grade, AppliChem) and the solution was incubated in a heating cabinet at 95°C for 3 h. Afterward, samples were evaporated to dryness using a parallel evaporation concentrator (Shaker: Syncore; Pump: Vac V-500; Controller: Vacuum Controller V-800; Büchi Labortechnik, Essen, Germany) at 50°C, 100 mbar and 200 rpm. For neutralization and washing, 100 μL of 1 M NH4OH solution (Suprapur, Merck) were added and after vortexing for 10 s, the solution was evaporated to dryness as described above. Finally, samples were dissolved in 500 μL of ultrapure water and the solutions were vortexed for 10 s. Samples that were not directly analyzed, were stored at -20°C until further use.
3
Formulation and Characterization of Fluorescent Nanoparticles
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FNPs were obtained by following an already reported process, the HPH [15 (link),33 (link)]. Briefly, a PHEA-RhB-PLA-PEG dispersion in dichloromethane at a concentration of 17 mg/mL (6 mL) was used as organic phase and mixed by stirring at 20,500 rpm with an aqueous phase (50 mL). After dilution by addition of bidistilled water (50 mL), the o/w emulsion was homogenized one time at 7500 psi by using an EmulsiFlex TM-C5 as homogenizer (Avestin Inc., Ottawa, ON, Canada). Evaporation of organic solvent under reduced pressure by using a evaporation system constituted by a water bath B-480, a rotavapor R-114, a Recirculating Chiller F-105 and a Vacuum Controller V-800 (Buchi) allows to obtain FNPs. Finally, each FNP batch was dried by using a Modulyo freeze-dryer (Labconco Corporation, Kansas City, MO 64132, USA) after the addition of PVP as cryoprotectant at a nanoparticle/PVP weight ratio equal to 1:1, and stored as fluffy powder at −20 °C for successive characterization.
4
Pigmented Bacterial Strain Extraction
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Pure pigmented bacterial strains were cultured in 100 mL of respective broth as mentioned above for 5–7 days under shaking with 200 rpm (ORBITEK-Scigenics Biotech) at 28 °C in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks [9 ,19 (link)]. This was followed by centrifugation at 10,000 rpm for 10 min (SIGMA 3–30KS). The raffinate and cell pellets of pigmented bacterial strains were extracted with an equal volume of methanol until the pellet was colourless. The organic phases were collected using separating funnel and transferred into separate glass bottles for rotary evaporation. Solvent from the extracts was removed under reduced pressure at 40 °C by rotatory evaporation (BÜCHI Rotavapor R-205, BÜCHI Vacuum controller V-800 & BÜCHI Chiller B-740). The crude products thus obtained were redissolved in 1 mL of the same solvent for further applications.
5
Propolis Extraction and Characterization
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Propolis was collected from Apis mellifera L. bee hives in apiaries located in the Natural Park of Montesinho (41°53′49″ N, 6°51′58″ W) in September 2021. The crude extracts were packed in sealed plastic bags and stored at −18 °C until further use. The propolis extraction was conducted by UAE using ethanol, water, or an hydroalcoholic mixture (50:50, v/v) as solvent, according to the procedure described by Cavalaro et al. [65 (link)]. Briefly, the extracts were obtained using an ultrasonic processor (Sonics Vibra-cellTM, VCX 500/VCX 750, Lutterworth, UK) with a frequency of 20 KHz and a probe (630–0220) with 13 mm diameter. For extraction, 0.86 g of sample was added to 30 mL of solvent for 20 min, at 25 °C and with 30% sonication amplitude. The samples were subsequently centrifuged at 4700× g for 15 min at 25 °C and filtered using Whatman no. 2 filters. The aqueous extracts were frozen at −80 °C until lyophilization (Telstar LyoQuest, Barcelona, Spain), while the alcoholic and hydroalcoholic extracts were kept under refrigeration at 4 °C until evaporation in a rotary evaporator (Vacuum Controller V-800, Büchi, Aesch, Switzerland) at 40 °C. The yield was calculated using the dry weight of the extract and soaked samples.
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