Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique was used to examine the surface morphology of nanoparticles. The images of particles were taken by using Quanta 450 FEG scanning electron microscope (FEI, Netherlands). The sample was first adhered onto a carbon tape and then sputter-coated by platinum (JFC-1600 Auto Fine Coater, JEOL, Japan) with a thickness of 5 nm. The surface roughness and circularity of nanoparticles were analyzed with image processing software ImageJ (NiH, USA). The original SEM image was first converted to grey-scale (8-bit) image and subsequently to binary image. The plugin “Analyze Particle” and ‘Roughness Calculation” were run to measure the circularity and roughness. Mean ± SD of arithmetic mean roughness (Ra) and circularity (Circ) were calculated from nine measurements of three images.
Quanta 450 feg scanning electron microscope
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Netherlands
The Quanta 450 FEG is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It utilizes a field emission gun (FEG) as the electron source, providing high-resolution imaging capabilities. The Quanta 450 FEG is designed to perform high-resolution imaging and analysis of a wide range of samples.
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Lab products found in correlation
Jfc 1600 auto fine coater, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Origin 2016, by OriginLab (1 mentions)
D max rb, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Alexa 555 conjugated phalloidin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Scmos microscope camera, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
Tcs sp8 confocal microscope, by Leica (1 mentions)
Te300, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Hoechst 33342, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using quanta 450 feg scanning electron microscope
1
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Nanoparticles
2
Charpy Sample Morphology Characterization
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The composites morphology was investigated on the fractured cross-sections of the Charpy samples prior the sputtering with platinum. A FEI Quanta 450 FEG scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a Large Field Detector for low kV imaging simultaneous secondary electron (SE) was used.
3
Characterization of Protein-Based Nanofibers
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The morphology and diameter of type of each electrospun protein-based nanofiber were observed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), using a Quanta 450 FEG scanning electron microscope (FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) equipped with a field emission gun at a 1.2 nm resolution. The specimens were gold-sputtered prior to imaging, in order to increase their electrical conductivity. The diameters of minimum 50 nanofibers were measured and the results were processed using Origin 2016 software (OriginLab, Hampton, MA, USA).
Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis was done using an INTERSPEC 200-X Spectrophotometer (Tartumaa, Estonia), in transmittance mode. All spectra carried out both on the prepared films and electrospun nanofibers represent the average of 3 scans recorded at 2 cm−1 resolution in a 4000 to 750 cm−1 range, using air as background.
Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analysis was done using an INTERSPEC 200-X Spectrophotometer (Tartumaa, Estonia), in transmittance mode. All spectra carried out both on the prepared films and electrospun nanofibers represent the average of 3 scans recorded at 2 cm−1 resolution in a 4000 to 750 cm−1 range, using air as background.
4
Visualizing P. aeruginosa Biofilms with SEM
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A single colony of P. aeruginosa PAO1 was inoculated in LB broth under shaking for 18 h. Inoculum was adjusted to 0.5 McFarland, followed by 1:100 dilution in LB. An amount of 1 mL of bacterial suspension was carefully added to sterile coverslips placed in 24 well plate and incubated statically for 24 h at 37 °C. Biofilms were washed twice with PBS and 1 mL of GaPP-LCNP (3 µM) was added and after 2 h incubation in the dark wells were illuminated with 34 J/cm2 blue light. Treatment was removed and biofilms washed twice with PBS to remove unattached cells. Biofilms were placed in EM fixative overnight, washed twice with PBS+ 4% sucrose, then post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide for 1 h, followed by a series of dehydrations using 70%, 90%, and 100% ethanol. Further dehydration was conducted by using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS): ethanol (100%) 1:1. HMDS was removed, and biofilms allowed to dry before mounting and coating with a platinum layer of 5 nm. Micrographs were recorded using Quanta 450 FEG Scanning Electron Microscope (FEI, Netherlands).
5
Morphological Analysis of rPP Composites
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The morphology of the rPP and rPP composites was examined with a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a QUANTA 450 FEG scanning electron microscope (FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands), with Low vacuum Secondary Electron (LFD) Detector (500×, FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands).
6
Spark Plasma Sintering of SiC Powder
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The sample powder used in all experiments is 1 micron sized, 99.9% pure SiC powder from Sigma Aldrich. Both pre-sintering and FHP were performed using a Dr. Sinter Lab Series spark plasma sintering machine (SPS Syntax Co.) Copper tubing used in the FHP die design is a common household plumbing pipe, 16.2 mm in diameter with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm. Support equipment includes various graphite dies and spacers, as well as graphite paper used in the pre-sintering process. Sample inspection was supported by FEI Quanta 450 FEG Scanning Electron Microscope. Samples for characterization were prepared using a Struers Tegra sample polishing system and QT150 Sputter Coating Machine with platinum target.
7
Microstructural Analysis of Moso Bamboo
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The moso or mao zhu bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis species), collected from raw bamboo plantations located in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in China, were selected for this study. The samples were all mature bamboo (~5 years old) freshly cut from the middle section of stalk, and were kept at room temperature of ~23°C and relative humidity of ~55–65% (reasonably close to the humidity level of moso bamboo's natural habitat) to avoid drying artifacts. Microstructural characterizations were conducted on the polished bamboo samples taken from both radial/transverse and longitudinal sections, to reveal the microstructure of different constituents. The characterizations were further continued to investigate the crack growth modes in the case of microhardness indentation-induced cracks along with fracture surface analysis after tensile deformations. For this purpose, a Philips™ XL30 FEG Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) along with a FEI Quanta™ 450 FEG Scanning Electron Microscope working at ESEM mode were used. The captured micrographs were also processed by TalyMap™ Universal image analyzer software to quantify the volume fractions of bamboo's different constituents.
8
Microstructural Analysis via SEM and XRD
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Microscopic performance test methods. The microstructure of specimens was tested by using scanning electron microscopy (FEI Quanta 450FEG scanning electron microscope, Jena, Germany). For X-ray diffraction we used the D/MAX-RB (RIGAKU Corporation, Japan); the test angle range was 5-70° and the test accuracy was controlled to less than 0.02° (∆2θ ≤ ± 0.02°).
9
Optofluidic Channel Imaging Protocol
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FEI Quanta 450 FEG scanning electron microscope (SEM, Dawson, NE) at a scanning voltage of 5 kV and a spot size of 4.0 was applied to capture the images of the optofluidic channel at a tilt angle of 45º.
The cells were stained using immunofluorescence staining method at a floating state.
To stain floating cells, the cells were first resuspended by using 0.25 % trypsin-EDTA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). The cells were fixed with 4 % paraformaldehyde (PFA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 10 min and then treated with 0.3% Triton X-100 in PBS for 10 min. We applied 10 % goat serum for 1 hr to avoid non-specific binding of the staining molecules in the next steps. The Lamin-A primary antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) was applied for 1hr. The cytoskeletal actin was stained with Alexa-555 conjugated phalloidin (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) followed by staining the nucleus with 0.1% Hoechst 33342 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 10 min. And the stained images were obtained by using laser confocal microscope (TCS SP8 Confocal Microscope, Leica, Germany). Bright field imaging is conducted by a phase-contrast inverted microscope (TE300, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) and an sCMOS microscope camera (Zyla, Andor, Belfast, UK) was applied to capture highresolution images (~570 nm/pixel).
The cells were stained using immunofluorescence staining method at a floating state.
To stain floating cells, the cells were first resuspended by using 0.25 % trypsin-EDTA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). The cells were fixed with 4 % paraformaldehyde (PFA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 10 min and then treated with 0.3% Triton X-100 in PBS for 10 min. We applied 10 % goat serum for 1 hr to avoid non-specific binding of the staining molecules in the next steps. The Lamin-A primary antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) was applied for 1hr. The cytoskeletal actin was stained with Alexa-555 conjugated phalloidin (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) followed by staining the nucleus with 0.1% Hoechst 33342 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 10 min. And the stained images were obtained by using laser confocal microscope (TCS SP8 Confocal Microscope, Leica, Germany). Bright field imaging is conducted by a phase-contrast inverted microscope (TE300, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) and an sCMOS microscope camera (Zyla, Andor, Belfast, UK) was applied to capture highresolution images (~570 nm/pixel).
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