The full-length human MC1R was cloned into
pFastBac vector (Invitrogen) with its native signal peptide replaced by the haemagglutinin (HA) signal peptide followed by a 10 × His tag and cytochrome b562RIL (BRIL) as a fusion partner. To facilitate expression and purification, the C terminus of MC1R was fused with a 15-amino-acid polypeptide linker (GSSGGGGSGGGGSSG) and a
LgBiT (Promega).
Human Gαs was constructed based on miniGs (PDB: 5G53) deleting switch III and including eight mutations (G49D, E50N, L63Y, A249D, S252D, L272D, I372A and V375I) 58 (
link) . Two additional dominant-negative mutations (G226A and A366S) were introduced to Gαs to decrease the affinity of nucleotide binding and increase the stability of the heterotrimeric G protein 59 (
link) . The N terminus (M1-K25) and α-helical domain (AHD, G67-L203) of Gαs were replaced by the N terminus (M1-M18) and AHD (G60-K180) of human Gαi, which was initially designed to bind scFv16 and Fab_G50 60, (
link)61 (
link) .
Human Gβ with a C-terminal 15-amino-acid polypeptide linker followed by a
HiBiT (peptide 86, Promega) and human Gγ were cloned into
pFastBac vector, respectively 62 (
link) . scFv16 was constructed into the same vector with an N-terminal GP67 signaling peptide.
Ma S., Chen Y., Dai A., Yin W., Guo J., Yang D., Zhou F., Jiang Y., Wang M., & Xu H.E. (2021). Structural mechanism of calcium-mediated hormone recognition and Gβ interaction by the human melanocortin-1 receptor.