Organic solvents hplc grade

Gallic acid, ascorbic acid, and ellagic acid (>95% purity) were sourced from Sigma Aldrich (Sydney, NSW, Australia). DPPH [2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl], acarbose, sodium carbonate, metaphosphoric acid, acetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), formic acid, hydrochloric acid, p-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG), α-glucosidase, acarbose, organic solvents (HPLC-grade), and other reagents used throughout the study were supplied by Merck or Sigma Aldrich (Sydney, NSW, Australia). In the cytotoxicity assessment, the Caco-2 cell line was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA), and HepG2 cell lines were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Sydney, NSW, Australia). Nunc cell culture flasks and 96-well plates were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sydney, NSW, Australia). Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), penicillin and streptomycin, fetal bovine serum (FBS), glutamate, trypsin-EDTA, non-essential amino acids (NEAA), Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline without calcium and magnesium (PBS), trypan blue exclusion dye, and CyQUANT^® NF Cell Proliferation Assay reagent (Molecular Probes™) were purchased from Invitrogen (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, Waltham, MA, USA).

Organic solvents (HPLC grade) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan). The standard compounds of panasenoside and kaempferol were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pure ginsenoside standards (98%) were purchased from ChromaDex (Santa Ana, CA, USA) and Ambo Institute (Daejeon, Korea).

Cetirizine hydrochloride pure sample was obtained from Apex Co., Cairo, Egypt (Batch No # 3003CZ8RJ) with 99.95% purity. Phenylpropanolmine hydrochloride (99.88% purity) was kindly brought from Cid Co., Egypt with Batch No # 41204. Nimesulide base was used with purity 99.90% as mentioned by the manufacturer, Batch No # 0006044. It is provided from Pharaonia Co., Alex, Egypt.
Organic solvents (HPLC grade) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany).
Sodium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate were purchased from ADWIC Co. (Egypt). Orthophosphoric acid (85%, w/v) was provided from Riedel-deHäen (Germany).