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4 protocols using ε aminocaproic acid eaca

1

Reagents for Urokinase Activity Assay

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Urokinase and ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA·2HCl (S-2251) was obtained from Beijing Asnail Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Trisodium citrate was acquired from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), and gelatin was from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tris-HCl was supplied by Beijing Biotopped Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All the chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade.
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2

Inhibition of MAPK Signaling Pathways

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suPAR and ATF were purchased from American Diagnostica, Inc. (Greenwich, CT). fMLP, Pertussis toxin (Gαi inhibitor, 100ng/ml), Phosphatidylinositol-specific-phospholipase C (100µg/mL), PD98059 (ERK inhibitor, 25µM) SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor, 10µM), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor, 1µM), EGFR inhibitor ( AG1478, 10µM), ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA; plasmin inhibitor, 100µM), aprotinin (plasmin inhibitor, 100 units/ml) and GM6001 (MMP inhibitor, 10nM) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibody (raised in goat) and peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse IgG antibody (raised in goat) were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (West Grove, PA). Phospho-ERK1/2 antibody was purchased from Promega, Inc. (Madison, WI). Total ERK 1/2 antibody was purchased from BD Transduction Laboratories (Lexington, KY). Phospho-p38MAPK and phospho-JNK antibodies were purchased from Biosource (Camarillo, CA). Total p38MAPK and JNK antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling (Beverley, MA). Dulbecco’s minimal essential medium (DMEM) and Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (dPBS) were purchased from Corning Cellgro (Corning, NY).
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3

Plasminogen Activation by tPA and Staphylococcus

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The tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)-mediated activation of Plg in the presence of bacteria or rSlEno was measured as described earlier (43). Briefly, microtiter wells were coated with S. lugdunensis cells in PBS overnight at 4°C and fixed with ice-cold methanol for 10 min at –20°C. Afterward wells were blocked with 1% BSA in PBS for 1 h at 37°C. Immobilized rSlEno was incubated with Plg (1 μg) and 0.45 mM chromogenic substrate (D-valyl-L-lysyl-p-nitroaniline hydrochloride) in the presence of 2 ng of tPA in a final volume of 20 μl. Plasmin activity was assessed at intervals of 1.5 min for 15 min by measuring absorbance at 405 nm. Well-bound S. lugdunensis were incubated with Plg (1 μg) and 0.45 mM chromogenic substrate (D-valyl-L-lysyl-p-nitroaniline hydrochloride) in the presence of 2 ng of tPA with/without 1 mM of the known Plg inhibitor ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA; Sigma Aldrich) in a final volume of 200 μl.
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4

Chromogenic Substrate and Inhibitor Assay

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The chromogenic substrate D-Val-Leu-Lys-r-nitroanilide dihydrochloride and ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All proteins and antibodies used in this study are listed in Table 1.
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