Acetone

PMDI resin was acquired from Huntsman Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Wood strands were from Baoyuan OSB Co. Ltd. (Hubei, China), which were industrially sliced from small-diameter plantation poplar (Populus tremula) logs. The moisture content of wood strands was 8%. Two systems of fire retardants were applied, i.e., ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanate (TBC) (Yunnan Tianyao chemical industry Co. Ltd., Kunming, China). Acetone (Nanjing Chemical Reagent, Nanjing, China) was invoked as the solvent of the powdered fire retardants, aiming at uniform distribution on wood strands.

Castor oil, caustic potash (KOH), anhydrous methanol, tetrabutyl titanate, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3,5-Tris (2-hydroxyethyl) cyanuric acid (THEIC), diethyl chlorophosphate, concentrated sulfuric acid, chloroform, dioctyl phthalate (DOP), propargyl bromide solution, potassium carbonate, sodium azide, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, cuprous bromide, 5,5-dimethyl-2,2-dipyridyl were bought from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. PVC was bought from Hanwha.

Barley seeds were purchased from Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, China, in July 2019. Ethyl acetate, linol, methanol, glutamic acid, and sodium hypochlorite were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company (Shanghai, China). methanol (chromatographic grade), glacial acetic acid, acetonitrile, phenolic acids, and flavonoids were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (Shanghai, China). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MP), 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), ATP, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), β-mercaptoethanol, coenzyme A (CoA), L-phenylalanine, trolox, GABA, dimethylaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride (derivatizing agent), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were purchased from Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Hydrochloric acid and acetone were purchased from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China).

Estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and estriol (E3) were purchased from China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). 2-Hydroxyestrone (2OHE1), 2-hydroxyestradiol (2OHE2), 2-methoxyestrone (2MeOE1), 2-methoxyestradiol (2MeOE2), 4-methoxyestrone (4MeOE1), 4-methoxyestradiol (4MeOE2), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16OHE1), 16-epiestriol (16EpiE3), 17-epiestriol (17EpiE3), aldosterone (ALD) and internal standards (deuterated steroid hormones) were purchased from TRC (Toronto, Canada). Progesterone (P4), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP4), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (AD), corticosterone (CORT) and cortisol (F) were purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer (Augsburg, Germany). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was purchased from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) was purchased from ISOscience (Ambler, PA, USA). 4-Hydroxyestrone (4OHE1), dansyl chloride, L-ascorbic acid, and β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Methanol (HPLC grade) and formic acid were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) or Fisher (Waltham, MA, USA). Deionized water was prepared using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Milford, MA, USA). Acetone was obtained from Nanjing Chemical Reagent CO., LTD.

Cardanol (99%, acid value 5.5–6.6. Iodine value 210–250) was provided by Jining Hengtai Chemical Co., Ltd. (Jining, China) Propargyl bromide solution, tetrahydrofuran (THF), potassium carbonate, sodium azide, methanol, acetone, cuprous bromide, 5,5-dimethyl-2,2-dipyridyl, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were kindly provided by Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was supplied by Hanwha (KM-31, Seoul, Korea).