P nitrophenyl β glucuronide

The spent turmeric (Curcuma longa) was obtained from Flavors and Essence Industry, Mysore, India. Streptozotocin, p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminide and p-nitrophenyl-β-glucuronide, toludine blue, chondroitin sulfate B and chondroitinase ABC (EC 4.2.2.4) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Dimethylmethylene blue was from Aldrich (Milwaukee, USA). Glucose oxidase/peroxidase (GOD/POD) kit was purchased from Span Diagnostics Limited (Surat, India). All other chemicals used were of analytical grade.

Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) containing 10 mg/mL heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, dihydrodichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), O-phthalaldehyde (OPT), HEPES and 1,1′,3,3′-tetramethoxypropane (TMP), dithiothreitol (DTT), dichlorofluorescein (DCF), hyaluronic acid sodium salt, gelatin (Type A from porcine skin), p-nitrophenyl β-N-acetyl glucosaminide, p-nitrophenyl β-glucuronide, reduced glutathione (GSH) and hemoglobin were procured from Sigma Chemicals, St. Louis, USA. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β antibodies were from Cayman Chemicals, Michigan, USA, MMP-13, -3, -9, COX-2 and β-actin antibodies were from Epitomics, Inc. Burlingame, USA, IL-10 and IL-23 antibodies were from Thermo Fisher Scientific, New Hampshire, USA. GAPDH antibody was from were from Cell Signalling and Technology, Beverly, USA. Mini ELISA development kits for IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 were obtained from PeproTech, KHC Healthcare, India. Tamarind seeds were from local market, Mysore. All other chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade, purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories, Mumbai, India.