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Spectramax 190 microplate reader

Manufactured by Molecular Devices
Sourced in United States, Japan, China

The SpectraMax 190 Microplate Reader is a versatile laboratory instrument designed for absorbance-based assays. It is capable of reading microplates with various well formats. The device provides accurate and reliable measurements to support a range of applications in the life sciences and research fields.

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260 protocols using spectramax 190 microplate reader

1

Cytotoxicity Assays for THP-1 Cells

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The WST‐1 dye‐based assay was performed using EZ‐CYTOX (Daeil Lab Service, EZ‐1000) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Briefly, 100 µl of cultured THP‐1 cells treated with Stx2a only or Stx2a plus OSMI‐1 were transferred to a 96‐well plate in triplicate and incubated with 10 µl of WST‐1 reagent for 2 h under standard culture conditions as described above. Thereafter, absorbance at 450 nm was measured using a SpectraMAX 190 Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices, Menlo Park, CA, USA). Cytotoxicity was assessed using a Pierce™ LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, 88953). THP‐1 cells were transfected with siOGT or Akt (WT or T305A/T312A), and then treated with Stx2a. Culture medium was harvested after incubation for an appropriate duration, and culture medium lacking cells was used as a negative control. Dead or dying cells release cytosolic enzymes including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) into the culture medium. The enzymatic response of LDH to the Reaction Mixture provided with the kit leads to production of red formazan, which can be measured using a spectrophotometer (SpectraMAX 190 Microplate Reader, Molecular Devices).
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2

Antimicrobial Activity of ND and Antibiotics

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The antimicrobial activity of ND and traditional antibiotics was revealed by OD value variation, as previously described 23 (link). Briefly, a single colony of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 in Luria-Bertani (LB) agar plates was cultured in 5 mL of LB at 37 °C and 200 rpm in an incubator. After growing for 6-8 h, the bacteria were washed three times and then adjusted to an approximate OD value of 0.4 at 600 nm using a Molecular Devices SPECTRA MAX 190 microplate reader (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The adjusted bacterial suspension was incubated with ND, kanamycin, ampicillin, and vehicle at 37 °C and the duration of treatments was 1 h, during which the OD values were dynamically monitored by a Molecular Devices SPECTRA MAX 190 microplate reader (Sunnyvale).
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3

Probing Uba4 ATPase Activation by UBLs

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To examine the activatory potential of different UBLs on the ATPase activity of Uba4, we used a commercially available Malachite Green Kit (Sigma‐Aldrich). Assembled reactions contained 40 μM Uba4 and 60 μM of the UBL of interest, resuspended in 100 mM MES pH 6.0, 100 mM NaCl, 2 mM MgCl2 and 160 μM ATP. The addition of 5 mU/reaction of inorganic pyrophosphatase (Thermo Fischer Scientific) allowed us to convert all inorganic pyrophosphate crated by Uba4 to phosphate molecules that can be quantified using Malachite Green. The reaction took place for 90 min at 37°C. The reaction product was diluted 20× in water and developed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Absorbance was measured at 620 nm using SpectraMax 190 Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices). Data were acquired in three independent experiments with two technical replicates each.
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4

ATP Hydrolysis Capacity of Uba4 Mutants

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ATP hydrolysis capacity of CtUba4 WT and mutants in the presence of CtUrm1 protein was measured using the Malachite Green Phosphate Assay Kit (Sigma‐Aldrich). The reactions were performed in a buffer composed of 100 mM MES pH 6.0; 100 mM NaCl; 2 mM MgCl2; and 160 μM ATP at 37°C for 90 min. Final CtUba4 and CtUrm1 concentrations were 40 and 60 μM, respectively. The reaction was conducted in the presence of inorganic pyrophosphatase (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in order to catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate generated by Uba4 into phosphate molecules. After the incubation, reaction mixtures were diluted 20 times with water and the orthophosphate concentrations were measured according to manufacturer's instructions. The absorbance was measured using a SpectraMax® 190 Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices). Three independent experiments were performed, each with two technical replicates.
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5

Cardiac Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress Assay

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Serum concentrations of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB) isoenzyme and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were quantified using assay kits, as previously described [22 (link)]. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidant, glutathione (GSH), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) were assessed using the SpectraMax® 190 Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA) [24 (link)]. The levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) protein adducts and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) were measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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6

Adipocyte Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells

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For adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were seeded in 48-well culture plates (1.5 × 104 cells/well) and grown to confluence. Differentiation of 2-day post-confluent preadipocytes (designated as day 0) was initiated with medium containing MDI (10 μg/mL insulin, 1 μM DEX, and 0.5 mM IBMX) in DMEM-F12 with 10% FBS. Three days later, the medium was replaced with DMEM-F12 containing 10% FBS and 10 μg/mL insulin. Another 2 days later, the medium was changed to DMEM-F12 + 10% FBS. Differentiated cells were used for functional assays on days 8–9 after differentiation was initiated. In vitro, differentiated cells were fixed for 20 min in buffered formalin and stained with Oil Red O for 3 h. For the quantification of lipid droplets, stained cells were dried completely and extracted with isopropanol (0.5 mL/well of a 24-well plate). The optical density of the extracted dye was measured at 510 nm using a SpectraMax 190 Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).
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7

Caspase-3, -8 and -9 Colorimetric Assays

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To investigate the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, we used caspase-3 colorimetric assay kit (ID K106-100), caspase-8 colorimetric assay kit (ID K113-100) and caspase-9 colorimetric assay kit (ID K119-100) (all from BioVision Inc.; Milpitas, CA, USA), and the analysis were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Enzyme reactions were performed in a 96-well microplate, and to each reaction mixture, 5 μL of cell lysate was added. Total protein quantification was performed in each sample by Bradford assay using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard. Absorbance at 405 nm was measured using a SpectraMax 190 Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices).
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8

CPPF Dose-Dependent Cell Viability

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Cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a concentration of 1.2–4.5 × 103 cells/well in 100 µl. After 17 h, varying concentrations (0, 0.1 µM, 0.3 µM, 1 µM, 5 µM,10 µM) of CPPF were used to treat cells. Each concentration was done in triplicate. Cells were incubated for 4 days and then, cell viability was determined by adding 10 µl of cytox (LPS solution, Daejon, Korea) to each well followed by incubation at 37 °C for 2 h. Absorbance was measured at 450 nm using a SpectraMax 190 microplate reader (Molecular Devices, San. Jose, CA. USA). IC50 was calculated in a nonlinear regression analysis using Graphpad Prism 6.0 program (San Diego, CA, USA).
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9

Optimized ELISA for Biomarker Detection

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Previously described procedures were used for the ELISAs with some modifications (32 (link), 33 (link)). EIA/RIA plates (Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY) were coated with 100 μL of purified recombinant protein at a concentration of 5 μg/mL in coating buffer (0.05% sodium azide containing PBS) overnight at 4°C. Angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 were from R&D, tissue-type plasminogen activator was from Abnova, and recombinant ML-IAP and NY-ESO-1 were prepared in house. The plates were washed with PBST (0.05% Tween-20 containing PBS) and blocked for two hours at room temperature with 200 μL/well blocking solution (PBST, 2% nonfat milk, 0.05% sodium azide). After the plates were again washed, longitudinal sera samples were added at a final dilution of 1:500 in blocking solution (100 μL/well) and incubated at 4°C overnight. After several further washes, the plates were incubated with 100 μL/well of a 1:2000 diluted alkaline phosphatase–conjugated goat anti-human IgG antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., West Grove, PA) for one hour at room temperature. Finally, the plates were washed again, incubated with 100 μL/well of the PNPP substrate (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) for 25 minutes at room temperature, and then the OD (405 nm) was determined (Spectramax 190 Microplate Reader; Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA).
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10

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Assay and Complement Activation

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Complement is believed to be activated by coronaviruses in large part via the alternative pathway.24 (link),25 Furthermore, in the complement-mediated TMA syndromes, complement is activated by the loss of negative regulation of the alternative pathway.30 (link) We previously showed that most patients, and specifically patients with MIS-C, had elevations in anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers.31 (link) We considered whether sC5b9 elevations may be related to classical pathway activation from antiviral antibody–antigen complexes rather than the alternative complement activation of TMA. SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies were measured by using ELISA as previously described.32 (link) Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein were measured.32 (link),33 (link) Optical densities at the 450 nm wavelength were obtained on a SpectraMax 190 Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA). Serum antibody titers are expressed as the reciprocal serum dilution at a set optical density based on a standard from the monoclonal antibody CR3022 starting at 0.5 μg/mL.
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