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31 protocols using cdna synthesis kit

1

Evaluating ER Stress Response Markers in Liver Tissues

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According to the manufacturer’s protocol, the total RNA was extracted from the liver using RNAiso Plus reagent (TaKaRa Biotechnology, Dalian, Liaoning, China) and stored at −75°C. We used BioFact cDNA synthesis kit (Biofact, Daejeon, Korea) to synthesize cDNA. Table 2 provides specific primer sets for target genes. The expression levels of GRP78, PERK, ATF6α, CHOP, and XBP1 were performed by applying SYBR Green Master Mix on a RotorGene Q real-time PCR machine (Qiagen, Hamburg, Germany). In short, a total volume of 20 μl in a 0.2-ml test tube was run at 95°C for 30s, and then, 40 cycles were performed at 95°C for 20s and 60°C for 40 s. Each experiment was repeated 3 times. The expression levels of GRP78, PERK, ATF6α, CHOP, and XBP1 were standardized to the GAPDH genes as housekeeping genes by applying the 2-ΔΔCt method.

The sequence of primer sets applied for real-time PCR assays

GenePrimersTMProduct
Heat shock protein 5 (Hspa5/GRP78)

F- CCAGCGACAAGCAACCAAAG

R- AGCTGCTGTACTGTGAGGATG

59.8174 bp
Activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6α)

F-GATGCCTTGGGAGTCAGACC

R-ATGGAGCAACTGGAGGAAGC

60163 bp
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (Eif2ak3/Perk)

F- AGAGATAGATGGGTGGCAAAA

R: ATTCGTCCATCTAAAGTGCTG

56157 bp
X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1)

F- GGAGCAGCAAGTGGTGGATT

R- ATCCAGCGTGTCCATTCCC

60136bp
CHOP

F- CTGGAAGCCTGGTATGAGGAT

R- CAGGGTCAAGAGTAGTGAAGGT

59.5185 bp
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2

Quantifying BACH1 mRNA and miR-330 in CRC

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In order to evaluate the BACH1 mRNA and miR-330 level, total RNA was purified from CRC cells using RiboEX reagent (GeneAll, GeneAll biotechnology, Seoul, Korea). In order to cDNA synthesis for BACH1, BioFact cDNA synthesis kit was used for the synthesis of 1 µg of total RNA (Daejeon, Korea) via Boi-Rad thermal cycler instrument (Hercules, CA) according to manufacturer’s instruction. The reactions for qRT-PCR assays contained 5 µL of 2X SYBR green master mix (Biofact, Daejeon, Korea), 0.25 µL of specific primer (Table 1), 0.5 µL of cDNA, and 4.25 µL of distilled water. The mixture amplified using LightCycler 96 instrument (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany).
The miScript II RT Kit (Qiagen) was used to synthesize cDNA for the miRNA evaluation. The qRT-PCR for miR-330 were performed by Exiqon SYBR green master mix and specific primers (Table 1) for studying the microRNA expression. Beta-actin and U6 were used as internal control for BACH1 and miR-330, respectively.
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3

PBMC Extraction and RNA Isolation

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PBMC extraction was performed using Lymphodex, Inno-Train, Germany extraction kit. The RNA was extracted using RiboEx, GeneAll (Cat. No. 301-902). After RNA extraction, cDNA was synthesized by BioFact cDNA synthesis kit (Cat. No. BR441-096).
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4

RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis

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YTA RNA Extraction Kit (YEKTA TAJHIZ AZMA, Taiwan) was used to extract total RNA from peripheral blood samples. The concentration and purity of the extracted RNA were determined using NanoDrop spectrophotometry (optical density =260/280) and samples were stored at -80°C until the next use. Complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis was done by the Biofact cDNA Synthesis Kit (2 steps 2x RT-PCR Pre-mix Taq, Korea).
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5

Quantifying Expression of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis Genes

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Based on results of MTT assay, after treating the test cells with the combination of 20 nM EE and 90 nM LNG, and control cells with the normal medium for 48h, the total RNA was isolated using RNeasy Mini, RNA isolation kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to manufacturer’s instructions. RNA concentration was measured by Nanodrop 2000c spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific, USA), and cDNA were synthesized by cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio FACT, Daejeon, South Korea). The changes in mRNA expression of MKI67, BAX, Bcl2 genes and Beta-2-microglobulin (β2M), as internal control, were estimated by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) in a rotor gene 6000 Corbett (Corbett Research, Sydney, Australia) detection system SYBR GREEN® (nonspecific DNA-binding factors). The primer sequences are provided in Table-1. Alterations of gene expression of KI67, BAX, and Bcl2 compared with β2M were normalized by LinReg software (Linreg version 2012.1, Amsterdam, the Netherlands). Expression levels of the mentioned gens were quantified by REST program (Relative Expression Software Tool, Qiagen, Germany).
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6

Betanin Modulation of STZ-Induced Diabetes

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STZ was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Germany) and betanin was purchased from TCI (Japan). Rat insulin kit (ELISA) was provided from Bioassay Technology Laboratory (BT Lab), Shanghai Korain Biotech Co Ltd (China). The kits used for measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were obtained from Pars Azmoon, Iran. Ethanol, methanol, eosin, hematoxylin, and paraffin were purchased from MERCK (Germany). The total RNA isolation kit was provided from FAVORGEN (Taiwan). The cDNA synthesis kit was obtained from BioFACT (Korea) and SYBR Green Master Mix from TaKaRa (Japan).
betanin was purchased from TCI America (CAS Number: 7659-95-2, Product number: B0397, Lot number: 25XUG).
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7

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis in Injured Spinal Cord

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Injured spinal cord segments of the control and treatment groups were isolated at 1, 4, 7, and 28 days after injury. The total RNA was extracted from the homogenized spinal cord tissue with TRIzol reagent (bio basic) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The RNA concentration in each sample was measured using NanoDrop (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Then, 1 μg of purified RNA was reverse-transcripted into First-strand cDNA using a cDNA Synthesis Kit (biofact, South Korea). To measure gene expression, quantitative PCR was performed using a cyber green PCR master mix with a high ROX (biofact) on a StepOnePlus Real-Tim PCR Applied Biosystem. Real-time PCR was conducted in triplicate with each RNA sample. The program was as follows, 95°C for 15 min. followed by 45 cycles of 15 s at 94, 60°C for 15 s, and 72°C for 30 s in sequence. The forward and reverse primers used for RT-qPCR were designed using the online software NCBI/Primer-BLAST listed in Table 1. GAPDH was used as an internal control. The relative expression level of the target gene was analyzed using a 2–ΔΔCt) method. A primer sequence was used for qPCR.
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8

Quantifying Gene Expression Using qRT-PCR

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Twenty-four hours after treatments, the total RNA extraction was performed using RiboEx LS RNA (GeneAll Biotech, Seoul, Korea). Then, the cDNA of samples was obtained from RNAs using the cDNA synthesis kit (BioFact, Daejeon, Korea) to measure the expression of target mRNAs. Then, the qRT-PCR was performed with a standard SYBR Green PCR master mix (BioFact, Daejeon, Korea) protocol in the StepOnePlus real-time PCR. The GAPDH gene was used as a reference gene for SOX-2, CD44, ROCK1, MMP9, caspase-9, -8, -3, and Bcl-2 genes. The primer sequences used in this study are shown in Table 3. The relative expression levels of target genes were normalized to internal controls using the 2−ΔΔCt cycle threshold method.
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9

Quantitative Assessment of Nrf2, PD-L1, and CD80 Expressions

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Total RNA was extracted via RiboEx reagent (GeneAll, Korea) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The total RNA of clinical tissue was extracted via grinding them in 1 ml RiboEx reagent using porcelain glass grinder. Complete DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from 1 μg of total RNA using cDNA synthesis kit (Biofact, Korea). Then, qRT-PCR technique was applied to assess gene expressions. First, total RNA of tumor tissues and cells were extracted using the RiboEx reagent (GeneAll, Korea) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Then, total RNA was quantified and qualified by NanoDrop Spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. Thereafter, cDNA was synthesized by a cDNA synthesis kit (Takara, Japan). Finally, mRNA expressions were examined by the Roche LightCycler system (Roche, Germany) by applying SYBR Premix Ex Taq (Takara, Japan). Relative Nrf2, PD-L1, and CD80 mRNA expressions in tissue samples were analyzed through the 2–ΔΔCt method, in which endogenous β actin was considered as an internal control. However, for the assessment of raw data from the cell samples, Pffafl method was applied and GAPDH gene was considered as an internal control. All of the experiments were performed at least in triplicate.
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10

Rutin's Effect on Breast Cancer Markers

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The effect of rutin on the gene markers of proliferation, EMT, and angiogenesis was evaluated by using the Quantitative Real-time PCR technique. Following the treatment of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines with rutin at the concentration of 200 µM for 48 h, the total RNAs were extracted from treated and control cells by an RNeasy mini kit (Qiagen Co., Seoul, Republic of Korea). To assess the quality of total RNA, the absorbance of the samples was measured by a Nanodrop 2000c spectrophotometer. Afterward, 2 μg of total RNA sample was collected to synthesize cDNA molecules using a cDNA Synthesis Kit (BioFact, Daejeon, Republic of Korea). Then, ABI PRISM7900HT (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA) qRT-PCR detection system with SYBR GREEN PCR master mix (Ampliqon, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to assess the expression levels of MKI67, CDH1, CDH2, VIM, FN1, VEGFA, and THBS1 genes. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expression was considered the internal control gene. Relative expression (fold changes) of the above-mentioned genes was calculated using the 2−ΔΔCT formula. Table 1 shows the primer sequences used for the amplification of the the genes.
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