Monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), 5, 5-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), acetyl thiocholine (ATC), glucose oxidase, peroxidase, Cholesterol standard, 4-aminophenazone, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), glycyrrhizin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Bangalore. Spirulina was purchased from Parry Neutraceuticals, Chennai. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for estimation of rat serum leptin levels was purchased from SPI bio Bertin Pharma, France. All other reagents used were of analytical grade and obtained locally.
Glycyrrhizin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Glycyrrhizin is a plant-derived compound extracted from the roots of the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra). It is a natural sweetener and has various biochemical properties. Glycyrrhizin is commonly used as a laboratory reagent for research purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Oleanolic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Chloroquine, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ginsenoside rb1, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
5 5 dithiobis 2 nitrobenzoic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hmgb1, by Abcam (2 mentions)
Coumarin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Liquiritin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Liquiritigenin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Recombinant human hmgb1, by R&D Systems (2 mentions)
C57bl 6j mice, by Charles River Laboratories (2 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Ursolic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Camostat mesylate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Isoliquiritigenin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nafamostat mesylate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methyl β cyclodextrin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ginsenoside mix, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Echinocystic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Lipopolysaccharides (lps), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
42 protocols using glycyrrhizin
1
Enzymatic Determination of Metabolites
2
Adipogenesis Regulation by Ginsenosides
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All reagents used in the experiment were guaranteed reagent grade and HPLC-grade. Acetonitrile, ethanol and methanol were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Isopropanol (100%) was from J.T. Baker Chemical (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was from Lonza (Walkersville, MD, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was from BioWest (Riverside, MO, USA). Paraformaldehyde (4%) was from Biosesang (Seongnam-si, Korea). Bovine calf serum (BCS), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) and insulin were from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA). Ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1 and Rg3(S) were from ChromaDex Co. (Irvine, CA, USA). Dexamethasone (Dex), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Oil Red O, glycyrrhizin, 2-methyl-2-butanol and 2,2,2-tribromoethanol (Avertin) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). RIPA buffer and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Primary antibodies, anti-rabbit β-actin, PPARγ, C/EBPα, adiponectin, AMPK, p-AMPK, ACC, p-ACC were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), SREBP-1c and CPT-1 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).
3
Glycyrrhizin and RAGE siRNA Protocol
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Glycyrrhizin was purchased from Sigma. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were purchased from Biotend (China). The sequence of the siRNA specifically targeting RAGE was 5′-GCCGGAAAUUAUAGAUUCUdTdT-3′, and the negative control siRNA was 5′-UUCUCCGAACGUGUCACGUTT-3′. Antibodies against RAGE were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology. The polyclonal antibody for the PEDV-N protein was previously generated in our lab.
4
Immunocytochemistry of Neural Cell Markers
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Cell culture reagents were obtained from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, United States). Fetal calf serum (FCS) was purchased from Natocor (Córdoba, Argentina). Antibodies were purchased from Chemicon-Millipore (mouse monoclonal anti-Actin, cat# MAB1501; mouse monoclonal anti-NeuN, cat# MAB 377; rabbit polyclonal anti-MAP-2, cat# AB5622), Sigma (mouse monoclonal anti-S100B cat# S2532; mouse monoclonal anti-Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, GFAP cat# G3893), Santa Cruz (rabbit polyclonal anti-TREM-2 cat# SC-48765; rabbit polyclonal anti-p65 cat# SC-372), Abcam (goat polyclonal anti-Iba-1, cat# ab5076); Dako (rabbit polyclonal anti-GFAP, cat# Z0334), and Promega (mouse monoclonal anti-β-3-tubulin, cat# G712A). Poly-L -lysine, DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole); glycyrrhizin, human recombinant HMGB1 and other chemicals were from Sigma (United States). Fluorescent secondary antibodies and peroxidase conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Jackson Immunoresearch (United States).
5
Investigating HMGB1 and Immune Responses
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The following reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA): imiquimod (I5159) and glycyrrhizin (G2137). HMGB1 ELISA kit was purchased from IBL International (Hamburg, Germany); primary antibodies from Novus Biologicals: Na+/K+ ATPase α3 (NB300-540APC), GFAP (NBP2-34401 V2), CD11b (NBP2-34678PE), and HMGB1 (NB100-2322AF488); and primary antibodies from Abcam: CD11b for western blot (ab75476), argonaute 2 (ab32381).
6
Simultaneous Quantification of Phytochemicals
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A 0.5 gm powdered Divya-Swasari-Vati sample was diluted with 10 mL of methanol:water (80:20) and sonicated for 30 minutes, centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 minutes, and filtered using 0.45 µm nylon filter. The standard compounds: Gallic acid was purchased from Loba Chemie (Mumbai, Maharashtra, India); Ellagic acid, Piperine, Eugenol, Glycyrrhizin, Coumarin from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); Protocatechuic acid, Glabridin from Natural Remedies (Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India), Methyl gallate from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan), 6-Gingerol from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA), and Cinnamic acid from Sisco Research Laboratories (Mumbai, Maharashtra, India). Standards were dissolved in methanol to prepare the appropriate concentrations.
7
Optimized Enzymatic Assay for Botanical Compounds
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Luria-Bertani broth, isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside, sodium phosphate (dibasic), sodium chloride, imidazole, cellobiose, and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Liquiritin (LQ), baicalin (BC), glycyrrhizin (GC), hesperidin (HP), neohesperidin (NH), naringin (NR), liquiritigenin, genipin, baicalein, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, hesperetin, naringenin, p-nitrophenol (pNP), p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), and p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide (pNPGr) standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Geniposide was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), and TALON metal affinity resin was purchased from Takara (Kusatsu, Japan). Solvents for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were purchased from J. T. Baker Chemical Co. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA; acetonitrile) and Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan; acetic acid).
8
Anesthesia Agents and Saline Sourcing
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Glycyrrhizin (purity ≥ 75%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Ketamine HCl (Indus Pharma, Pakistan), xylazine HCl (FARVET, Peru), proparacaine HCl (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., USA), and normal saline (Otsuka Pakistan Ltd.) were purchased from a local pharmacy store.
9
Licorice Compound Identification and Authentication
10
Murine Melanoma Cell Culture Protocol
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LPS from Escherichia coli 055:B5 and glycyrrhizin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Disulfide HMGB1 (LPS-free) was obtained from HMGBiotech. A list with details of antibodies used can be found in S2 Table .
Murine B16-F0 melanoma cell line was previously described [43 (link)]. Cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Gibco) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco) and 100 IU/mL penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco). The media for shRNA-expressing cells contained in addition 2 μg/ml puromycin (Sigma-Aldrich). All cells were grown in a humidified incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2 and were negative for mycoplasma contamination tested regularly by PCR.
Murine B16-F0 melanoma cell line was previously described [43 (link)]. Cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Gibco) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco) and 100 IU/mL penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco). The media for shRNA-expressing cells contained in addition 2 μg/ml puromycin (Sigma-Aldrich). All cells were grown in a humidified incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2 and were negative for mycoplasma contamination tested regularly by PCR.
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