Oxyfluorfen

The chemical library was donated by the EPA ToxCast Program. For verification and replication experiments, the following chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich: DL-α tocopherol acetate (T3376), DL-sulforophane (S4441), vincristine sulfate salt (V8879), oxyfluorfen (35031), rotenone (45656), fenamidone (33965), pyraclostrobin (33696), trifloxystrobin (46447), myxothiazol (T5580), pyridaben (46047), azoxystrobin (31697), fluoxastrobin (33797), fenpyroximate (31684) and kresoxim-methyl (37899). Famoxadone was purchased from Chem Service, Inc (N-11943). Topotecan hydrochloride was purchased from Tocris (4562). Paclitaxel was purchased from Fisher Scientific (AC32842). All chemical stocks were prepared in DMSO unless otherwise noted. Vehicle samples were prepared with an equivalent DMSO concentration of ≤0.5% in feeding medium.

Oxyfluorfen (CAS: 42874-03-3, PESTANAL^® analytical standard) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Algés, Portugal) and copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate (CAS: 7758-99-8, EMSURE® ACS, ISO, Reag. Ph Eur) was acquired from Merck (Algés, Portugal). A stock solution of Oxyfluorfen was prepared using acetone as the solvent, and a stock solution of copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate was prepared in previously filtered seawater at 20 PSU of salinity. The maximum concentration of acetone in the medium was 0.008%, which was lower than the maximum recommended by OECD guidelines. Only chemicals of analytical grade were applied in the bioassays and biochemical analyses.