Methylammonium bromide

NaH (60% dispersion
in mineral
oil), 1-bromoHexane (%98), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) ReagentPlus (99%),
carbazole (≥95%), n-buthyllithium solution
(2.5 M in Hexane), potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, trimethyl
borate (≥98%), and phosphorous(V) oxychloride (99.999%) were
purchased from MERC. Hexane, suitable for high-performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC), ≥97.0%, dichloromethane, suitable for
HPLC ≥99.8%; N,N-dimethylformamide,
anhydrous, 99.8%; chloroform, suitable for HPLC, ≥99.8%; and
tetrahydrofuran, ≥99.0% were purchased from MERCK. Spiro-OMeTAD
was purchased from Borun. Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium
salt (Li-TFSI, 99.0%) was purchased from Acros. Lead(II) bromide (PbBr₂, 99.999%), methylammonium bromide (MABr, >99.5%), and
formamidinium
iodide (FAI, >99.5%) were bought from Lumtec. Lead iodide (PbI₂, 99.99%) was bought from TCI. Titanium isopropoxide (Ti[OCH(CH3)₂]₄, 97%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), 2-propanol
(For HPLC, 99.9%), chlorobenzene (anhydrous 99.8%), acetonitrile (99.8%),
4-tertbutylpyridine (99.0%), and cesium iodide (CsI, 99.999%) were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass
slides (2.5 × 2.5 cm², FTO OPV-FTO22-15, sheet resistance
of 14 Ω sq^–1) were bought from OPVTech.

Methylammonium iodide
(MAI, >99.5%), methylammonium
bromide (MABr, >99.5%), and lead(II) iodide (PbI₂, ≥
99.999%) were purchased from Lumtec. Lead(II) bromide (PbBr₂, ≥ 98%) was purchased from TCI. All chemicals were stored
in a nitrogen-filled glovebox and used as received without further
purification.

Titanium isopropoxide (Ti(IP)₄, 95%), Zn powder (particle size $<45\mathrm{\mu }$ m), Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 36 wt%), Ethanol ( $\ge$ 99.99%), Acetone ( $\ge 99.5\%$ ), 2-propanol ( $\ge 99.8\%$ ), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 99.8%) were purchased from Merck. Cesium iodide (CsI, 99.9%), Pluronic P123 surfactant, 1-butanol (99.8%), Chlorobenzene (99.98%), Chloroform ( $\ge 99\%)$ were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Lead bromide (PbBr₂, 99.99%), Lead iodide (PbI₂,99.99%), Formamidinium iodide (FAI, $>99.5\%$ ), Methyl ammonium bromide (MABr, $>99.5\%$ ) were supplied from Luminescence technology corp (Lumtec). TiO₂ paste (PST-20T) and CuInS₂ ink (INK-20 CIS) were prepared from Sharif Solar. FTO (resistance 15 Ω sq⁻¹) coated glass was supplied from Dyesol. Gold (Switzerland, 99.99%). All chemicals were used without further purification.