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R programming software

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R is a free, open-source software environment for statistical computing and graphics. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques, and is highly extensible.

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Lab products found in correlation

4 protocols using r programming software

1

Survival Analysis of Heart Failure Patients

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Baseline characteristics are described as numbers and percentages for categorical variables and mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables. Patient characteristics were compared between groups using a chi-square test for categorical variables, and a Student’s t-test for continuous variables. Event-free survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank testing and Cox proportional hazard modeling. Cox proportional hazard models were also used to generate event-free survival plots. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were estimated for the death, HF readmission, and composite outcomes. For each variable, an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) was calculated, and multivariable models were produced based on a list of significant parameters (p < 0.05) at univariable analysis. The missing value was separately designated and excluded from the valid analysis cases. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) and R programming software version 4.2.2 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
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2

Multivariate Analysis of Research Protocols

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Two methods of statistical analysis were utilized during this study: seven MVNLRs and three PCAs were performed using R programming software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The built-in multivariate function ‘lm’ and the CRAN package emmeans was utilized in conjunction with variables assembled in non-linear arrangements to create the MVNLR model and to visualize the results.[31 (link)] The R2 value, regression model p-value, and individual variable p-values were assessed to evaluate the relative significance of each variable. The CRAN packages ggfortify, gridExtra, readxl, and dplyr were utilized to perform the PCA analysis. The optimal number of components to include was deduced by interrogating the scree plot of each PCA performed and explaining greater than 80% variance. The resultant significance of the overall analysis and key variables of interest are reported in Supplemental Tables S1S3. One model was excluded from these analyses due to missing information in their clinical file.
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3

R-Based Statistical Analyses Protocol

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Statistical analyses were performed using R programming software (The R Foundation, 2015 ).
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4

In Vitro Degradation Analysis

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The experimental in vitro data were analyzed using R programming software (version 4.0.2; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria) with RStudio, version 1.3.1073 (RStudio Inc., Boston, MA, United States). Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results are shown as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) and plotted using R. The R package “lme” was used to fit a generalized linear model (GLM) to predict the respective degradation parameters with the individual time points for mass loss, molecular weight, and crystallinity (time point as fixed factor). The statistics for this study were chosen in accordance with the guidelines provided by biostatisticians from the Research Methods Group of the QUT.
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