Antibodies against il 1β

MCC950 was purchased from TargetMol (Wellesley Hills, MA). Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), chloroquine diphosphate (CQ), N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), potassium chloride (KCl), glybenclamide, probenecid, carbenoxolone and cyclosporine A were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Manganese (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) and antibodies against ASC, IL-18, TLR4, P₂X₇, and actin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). PD98059, SB203580, SP600125, and antibodies against phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2), phospho-p38 and human caspase-1 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA). Antibodies against NLRP3 and mouse caspase-1 were purchased from Adipogen International (San Diego, CA). Antibodies against IL-1β were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). 10panx was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). The pHrodo Green E. coli BioParticles Conjugate was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA).

Escherichia coli LPS and protease inhibitor cocktail were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The NLRP3 activator ATP, nigericin and monosodium urate (MSU) were purchased from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA). Antibodies against IL-1β were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Antibodies against NLRP3 and caspase-1 were purchased from Adipogen Life Science (San Diego, CA). Antibodies against ASC, pro-IL-1β and actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). ELISA kits, MitoSOX, MitoTracker Deep Red and MitoTracker Green were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). The CytoScan LDH Cytotoxicity Assay kit was purchased from G-Bioscience (St. Louis, MO). DSS (MW: 36,000–50,000) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (LLC, France). RIPA lysis buffer, polyvinylidenedifloride membrane and RapidStep ECL Reagent were purchased from EMD Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany).