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22 protocols using recombinant wnt5a

1

Wnt5A and Klotho Signaling Modulation

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Cells were treated with 100 ng/ml of recombinant Wnt5A (R&D Systems,
cat. no. 645WN010CF) for 16 h or 10ng/ml of recombinant klotho (R&D Systems,
cat. no. 5334-KL-025 ) for 48 h. KN93 (Cayman, cat. no. 13319) was used at a
final concentration of 10μM and Rosiglitazone (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no.
R2408-50MG) at 10μM for 48 h unless otherwise stated. BRAF resistance
subclones were seeded overnight in the absence of PLX4720 and then treated as
indicated.
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2

Cell Culture and Transfection Protocols

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HEK293T and HepG2 from ATCC, and Huh7 from Dr. Kezhong Zhang, Wayne State University, were cultured in DMEM (Corning, NY) with heat inactivated 10% FBS (GIBCO), 1% sodium pyruvate and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Transfection of cells was carried out 16–24 h after plating with Lipofectamine 2000 reagent and harvested in about another 24 h for analysis. Recombinant WNT5A was purchased from R&D systems (645-WN-010).
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3

Immortalized mouse preadipocyte models

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White preadipocytes from wild type mice (Wt) and knockout (KO) mice lacking p38α (p38α−/−), p38β (p38β−/−), p38γ (p38γ−/−), p38δ (p38δ−/−), MKK3 (MKK3−/−) and MKK6 (MKK6−/−) kinases were immortalized by infection with SV40TpBABE-neo virus as previously described (Matesanz et al., 2017 (link)). The validity of these cell culture model has been previously supported (Matesanz et al., 2017 (link), 2018 (link)). In any case, we have reconfirmed the KO of MKK3 and MKK6 by western blot and those of p38 by qPCR (Supplementary Figure S1).
Cells were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco), l-glutamine (2 mM, Gibco), streptomycin (100 μg/ml, Gibco) and penicillin (100 U/ml, Gibco) and incubated at 37°C under a 5% CO2/95% air atmosphere. Confluent cells were trypsinized and seeded in tissue dishes at a density of 6 × 105 cells/ml. After 8 h, the medium was aspirated and replaced with fresh medium without sera. After 4–5 h, the medium was replaced with fresh medium containing DMSO (control cells) or the indicated concentrations of BIRB 0796 (Cell Signaling), Box5 (EMD Millipore), JNK-IN-8 (Calbiochem), U0126 (Cell Signaling), PD184352 (Tocris), Microcystin L-R (Sigma) or recombinant Wnt5a (R&D Systems) and the incubation was continued for a further 8 h.
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4

Wnt5A-mediated Cell Cycle Regulation

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Cells were treated with 100 ng/ml of recombinant Wnt5A (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for 16 hours unless otherwise stated. For cell cycle analysis, cells were treated with rWnt5A for 16 hours, and 1 hour before irradiation additional rWnt5A was added to the media. Cells were irradiated with either 10 Gy (Nordian Gammacell 40 extractor, 1.22 Gy/min) for initial experiments or 2.8 Gy (J.L. Sheppard Irradiator, 2.83 Gy/min) for all remaining experiments.
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5

Isolation and culture of mouse hematopoietic stem cells

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For all experiments, lineage, Sca-1+, c-kit+ (LSK) and LSK, CD150+, CD48 cells were isolated as previously described [9 (link)]. Sorted LSK cells were cultured in serum-free StemSpan media (Stem Cell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada, http://www.stemcell.com) supplemented with 25 ng/mL stem cell factor (SCF) and fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (Flt3L). Sorted and LSK, CD150+, CD48 cells were cultured in serumfree StemSpan media (supplemented with 25 ng/mL SCF and thrombopoietin (TPO). All cytokines were obtained from Peprotech (Rocky Hill, NJ, http://www.peprotech.com). Sorted cells were incubated overnight before reseeding at 5 × 104 cells (LSK) or 1.5 × 104 cells (LSK, CD150+, CD48) per milliliter in fresh media. Recombinant Wnt5a (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, http://www.abgent.com) and anti-Ryk antibody (clone RB1491, Abgent, San Diego, CA) were added at 250 ng/mL and 1 μg/mL, respectively. Media were changed at 48 hours. For specific experiments, cells were treated with 0.1 mM buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) (Sigma Aldrich).
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6

Wnt5a and SFRP5 Regulation in FLS

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RA td-FLS were seeded in 6-well plates at a density of 12 × 104 cells/well and maintained at 5%CO2 for 24h. Cells were treated with recombinant Wnt5a (300 ng/ml) (R&D systems®) and/or recombinant SFRP5 (R&D systems®) for 4h and 24 h. For the combined Wnt5a/SFRP5 treatment, SFRP5 was added 10 min before Wnt5a stimulation. Td-FLS were collected and used for RNA and/or protein extraction.
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7

Modulation of Osteogenic Differentiation by Wnt Signaling

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Cells were seeded on 24-well-plates (25,000 cells/well) and maintained in growth medium for 24 h. Subsequently, the medium was changed to osteo/odontogenic medium. The osteo/odontogenic medium consisted of growth medium supplemented with 50 µg/mL ascorbic acid (cat. no. A-4034, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 250 nM dexamethasone (cat. no. D8893, Sigma-Aldrich), and 5 mM β-glycerophosphate (cat. no. G9422, Sigma-Aldrich). In some experiments, the osteo/odontogenic medium was supplemented with either 1, 10, 50, 100, or 200 ng/ml recombinant WNT5A (R&D Systems Inc.) or 500 ng/ml WNT2b (R&D Systems Inc.) to activate Wnt signaling. In contrast, pre-treatment with Wnt inhibitors, 0.5 µg/ml DKK1 (R&D Systems Inc.), and 25 µM IWP-2 (Tocris Bioscience), was used to inhibit Wnt signaling.
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8

Mammary Epithelial Cell Spheroid Culture

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Some 300–10,000 viable single cells were plated on Ultra Low Attachment 6-well or 96-well plates (Corning Incorporated Life Sciences) and cultured in MEGMTM mammary epithelial cell growth medium (Lonza) with or without recombinant Wnt5a (R&D system) at 100 ng/mL for 1–3 wk. Spheroids with sizes greater than 100 µm were counted using an inverted microscope (Nikon). A more detailed description of the reagents, biochemistry assays, cellular analysis, and animal studies are provided in SI Appendix, Materials and Methods.
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9

Wnt5a and FZD7 siRNA Transfection

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In all, 100 000 cells were seeded into the wells of a 6-well plate. Recombinant Wnt5a of 200 ng/ml (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was added immediately after seeding together with the FZD7 siRNA transfection reagents as described above. After 48 h of transfection, phase-contrast images were taken under × 10 magnification (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Gottingen, Germany) to observe the phenotypic changes.
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10

Evaluating Cell Invasion and Wnt5a Silencing

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Cell invasion was analyzed using the same protocol as for cell migration, but with the use of matrigel pre‐coated cell culture inserts (BD Bioscience) with 8‐μm pore‐size membranes. The invasive capability was analyzed in the presence or absence of recombinant IL‐6 (20 ng/ml), Box5 (100 μM), SB203580 (Sigma; 10 μM) and recombinant WNT5A (R&D Systems; 0.2 μg/ml). Following siRNA silencing of WNT5A in HTB63 cells (Supplementary Figure 2A) there was a reduced number of invaded cells and therefore these experiments were manually counted using an inverted light microscope (Nikon TMS) instead of analyzed as described for the migration method.
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