As a purely objective assessment of result, digital measurements of median distance and root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) between 3D surfaces were used as indicators of symmetry, with greater symmetry assumed to represent an objectively better outcome. These measurements were calculated from the measured distances between a 3D digital surface scan of each repaired simulator and its mirror image. Digital 3D scans of each repaired simulator were exported as .stl files and imported into 3-matic software (Materialise, Belgium). To consistently set the plane of symmetry, a contour surface of the outer edge of the replaceable simulator was used for alignment, and superfluous data were eliminated. Each scan was then mirrored about the Y-Z plane, and the scan and its mirror image were analyzed for symmetry against one another by utilizing the part comparison tool in 3-matic software (Materialise, Belgium), which measures the absolute value of the closest distance between all triangle nodes of the two surfaces. Median distance measured between the two surfaces was used as one numerical indicator of asymmetry because of the nonnormal distribution of data generated. RMSD was selected as another measure given its increasing acceptance as a tool for evaluating facial symmetry (Fig. 2 ).8 (link),9 (link)
3 matic software
Manufactured by Materialise
Sourced in Belgium
3-matic software is a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) tool developed by Materialise. It is designed to prepare and optimize 3D models for various additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. The software offers a range of features to assist users in the pre-processing and post-processing of 3D files, including mesh repair, optimization, and support generation.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Mimics software, by Materialise (8 mentions)
Mimics, by Materialise (3 mentions)
Mimics 21, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Proplan, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Quantum fx μct, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Mimics innovation suite, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Mimics 19, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Matlab, by MathWorks (1 mentions)
Revolution ct, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Mimics version 19, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Innova 3131, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Mimics research software, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Magics software, by Materialise (1 mentions)
Solidworks program, by Dassault Systèmes (1 mentions)
Workbench 2021, by ANSYS (1 mentions)
64 slice spiral ct, by Siemens (1 mentions)
Form 3, by Formlabs (1 mentions)
46 protocols using 3 matic software
1
Evaluating 3D Facial Symmetry Metrics
2
Reverse Engineering Facial Dimensions
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Since the precise surface dimensions of the mannequin’s face were unknown, we reverse engineered the mannequin’s face. The face was scanned using the Artec Space Spider and cylinders with known linear dimensions in multiple directions were modelled from the scan using the 3-matic software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). A 3D printer (PA12 material, EOS SLS printer, Oceanz, Ede, the Netherlands) was then used to print this reference model with known dimensions (Fig. 3 ). To compensate for potential errors in the 3D printing process, 2 observers took 3 repeated linear measurements with precise calipers (micrometres; with an accuracy of 0.01 mm) of the length of the cylinders of the 3D printed mannequin model to act as a gold standard. The 3D printed face was then scanned three times consecutively with the 3dMD, Artec Eva and Artec Space Spider systems. Linear measurements of these 3D scans were made from these cylinders with the 3-matic software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). The difference between the gold standard linear measurements and the 3D scanned measurements were used as validity measures. RMS distances were calculated for the 3dMD, Artec Eva and Artec Space Spider systems in relation to the reference model (the 3D printed mesh file).![]()
Reverse engineered 3D printed mannequin with known geometry and cylinders.
3
3D Reconstruction and Segmentectomy Planning
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All patients underwent preoperative chest thin-slice CT with a slice thickness of 0.625–1.5 mm. Digital imaging and communications in medicine data were recorded for each patient. 3D reconstruction images were generated for all patients using the Materialise 3-Matic software (developed by Materialise Nv Co., Materialise’s interactive medical image control system, Belgium; serial number: A51D56D6-C3XE-0011-1F7605D216DF39D5). The pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, bronchi, and each pulmonary segment were reconstructed and marked with different colours. Accurate determination of the location of pulmonary nodules and 2 cm safe margin was conducted. The lung tissue involved in the safe resection margin was considered the target segment, and the corresponding segmentectomies were performed accordingly. The anatomic relationship between the nodule and adjacent structures was determined to design an appropriate surgical excision. According to each specific situation, we selected the most reasonable operation type and planned the surgical path (Figure 1 ).
4
Mandible Segmentation Evaluation
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We use Dice similarity coefficient and the 3D surface error to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach for mandible segmentation. We compute the Dice similarity coefficient of the automatic segmentation results with respect to the manual segmentation on both 2D slice images and the complete 3D volumetric data. In order to observe the segmentation results in a more straightforward way, we use the Materialise Mimics software to reconstruct the 2D automatic segmentation into a 3D view. We then use the Materialise 3-matic software to automatically post-process the segmentation results in order to remove the disconnected voxels. Afterwards, we compute the root mean square error (RMS) of the mandible surfaces between the manual and the postprocessed model.
5
3D-Guided Lung Tumor Resection
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The preoperative CT data of each patient enrolled in 3D-reconstruction and 3D-model groups obtained from the imaging workstation in our institute. The digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data of thin-slice (0.625–1.25 mm) CT images were imported into Mimics 21.0 (developed by Materialise Nv Co., Materialise’s interactive medical image control system, Kingdom of Belgium) for 3D reconstruction of bronchi and blood vessels. The resection region and cutting plane were manually designed based on the location of the lesion in the 3D image. Ensure that the shortest distance from the resection margin of lung parenchyma to the edge of the tumor was more than 2 cm or max tumor size. In the 3D-model group, the ‘stereolithographic (STL)’ format derived from the reconstruction image was processed by Materialise 3-Matic Software (developed by Materialise Nv Co., Kingdom of Belgium), then the 3D model was printed.
6
Geometric Analysis of Atherosclerotic Plaques
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The measurement of multidimensional geometric parameters in different dimensions was performed using the Materialise 3-Matic software (Materialise N.V., Belgium) on the whole plaques and calcifications, respectively.
For each plaque and calcification, firstly, the volume and the surface area were measured automatically. Secondly, the length, surface distance, cross-sectional area, and diameter were measured manually. The length of a plaque or calcification was defined as the longest straight-line distance between its proximal and distal ends. The surface distance was defined as the length of the shortest path on the surface between the proximal and distal ends. For the whole plaque, the cross-section area was measured on the cross-section perpendicular to the local centerline of the arterial segment with the maximal area (Figure 3 ). The cross-section diameter was measured as the longest distance on the cross-section area. Compared with the plaques, calcifications had much smaller size, rounder shape, and were positioned in variable directions in spatial distribution. Therefore, the cross-section area and the diameter were not measured on calcifications.
For each plaque and calcification, firstly, the volume and the surface area were measured automatically. Secondly, the length, surface distance, cross-sectional area, and diameter were measured manually. The length of a plaque or calcification was defined as the longest straight-line distance between its proximal and distal ends. The surface distance was defined as the length of the shortest path on the surface between the proximal and distal ends. For the whole plaque, the cross-section area was measured on the cross-section perpendicular to the local centerline of the arterial segment with the maximal area (
7
Designing Reinforced Orthopedic Lattice Structures
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An octahedral lattice was designed using Materialise 3-matic software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) with extra pillar strands added to the surface plane (Figure 1 ) to reinforce the bending strength for load-bearing orthopedic applications. Trusses were oriented at 45° and 55° in the 3D system, with the radius set at 0.3 mm in a lattice unit of 4.25 × 4.25 × 3 mm3. This classic lattice design provides uniform attachment of metal powders on trusses fabricated using the powder-based SLM process. This design achieves sufficient construct stiffness to resist deformation while reducing the Young’s modulus compared to conventional stainless steel to reduce the problem of stress shielding (Singapore patent application number 10201902254Y).
8
Thin-Slice CT for Early-Stage NSCLC
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Between January 2018 and October 2019, 325 patients presented to the hospital with pulmonary lesions and underwent thin-slice (0.625–2 mm) CT scans of the lungs. 3D reconstruction images were generated for all patients using the Materialise 3-Matic software (developed by Materialise Nv Co., Materialise’s interactive medical image control system, Kingdom of Belgium. Serial number: A51D56D6-C3XE-0011-1F7605D216DF39D5). The eligibility criteria for patients were as follows: (I) patients were clinically diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by chest CT, and the total size of the lesion was 2 cm or less; (II) patients meeting indication for APL based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for NSCLC; (III) head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), abdominal ultrasound (or CT), and bone scan or positron emission tomography (PET) were performed to exclude distant metastasis, and routine assessment of cardiopulmonary function was performed to exclude surgical contraindications; and (IV) no neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment had been administered. The study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). Informed consent was obtained from all patients. The protocol of this study was approved by the institutional review board of Yichang Central People’s Hospital (No. HEC-KYJJ-2018-601-01).
9
3D Printing for Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Repair
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First, the patients' CT data were imported into Materialise Mimics version 21.0 (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium), and three orthogonal slices (coronal, sagittal and cross section) were created using interactive multiplane imaging reconstruction. After the comparison and confirmation, the contour area was reconstructed to obtain the initial 3D model of RV, and the collected images were converted to the standard format of Digital Imaging and Communication of Medicine (DICOM) for storage (Figure 3A ). Second, a comprehensive reconstruction of RV morphology was performed using Materialise 3-matic software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). Different parts of the digital model were distinguished by different colors to represent the multidimensional structure information of each part. Finally, the digital model is exported to Standard Tessellation Language (STL) format. The STL files were imported into the Polyjet 850 multimaterial full-color 3D printer (Stratasys, Inc., Eden Prairie, MN, USA) for printing, selecting different materials to match different tissues (Figure 3B ). The main steps of TTVR were simulated in the cath laboratory for all 6 patients (Figure 4 ).
10
Biomechanical Analysis of Lower Limb Forces
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Assignment of reference points Three points were manually placed on each of the 9 PSFEMs, using 3-Matic software (Materialize, Louvain, Belgium). They were positioned at the center of the medial and lateral condyles, and at the center of the articular surface of the ankle. This setup allowed us to determine the length of the tibia for all individuals and then automatically fully constrained (fixed nodes) several selections ofnodes more distal to Table 3. Synthesis of forces and their orientations applied to each of our 9 PSFEMs with: contralateral heel strike (CTL_HS), contralateral toe off (CTL_TO), getting up from a chair (CU). Orientation of the forces are defined relatively to the upward tibia mechanical axis by: a -the angle between mechanical axis and the force when projected on the sagittal plane, it is positive for anteriorly oriented forces; b -the angle between the mechanical axis and the force when projected on the frontal plane, it is positive for medially oriented forces. "-" denote negligible muscle force. Adapted from Kuster et al. 1997 , Winby et al. 2009 (link)
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