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8 protocols using prmt1

1

Histone Modification Profiling in A2780 Cells

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The A2780 cell line was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), and SAHA was purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA). Primary antibodies against Ac-H2A, Ac-H2B, Ac-H3, Ac-H4, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC4, DNMT3A, PRMT1, SUV39H1, MDMX, p53, p21WAF1/CIP1, p27Kip1, AURKB, CDC25C, GADD45A (1:1000) and Alexa Fluor 488 dye were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The MDM2 antibody (1:500) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). β-actin (1:5000), secondary antibodies (anti-rabbit, anti-mouse), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Nitrocellulose membrane (NC) (0.45 µm) was purchased from Amersham (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Marlborough, MA, USA) and KPL LumiGlo Reserve chemiluminescent substrate was purchased from SeraCare Life Sciences (Milford, MA, USA).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Androgen Receptor Signaling

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Cells were lysed on ice with RIPA lysis buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #89901) supplemented with protease inhibitors (Roche, #11836170001) and quantitated using a Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #23225). Equal amounts of protein were loaded onto NuPAGE 4–12% Bis-Tris Protein Gels (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #NP0335) for separation by SDS-PAGE. Proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes using an iBlot2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), followed by overnight incubation at 4°C with the following primary antibodies and dilutions. AR: Cell Signaling (#5153), 1:2,000. AR-V7: RevMAb (#31–1109-00), 1:500. PRMT1: Cell Signaling (#2449), 1:1,000. ADMA: Cell Signaling (#13522), 1:250. β-Actin: Cell Signaling (#3700), 1:5,000. Membranes were washed in TBS-T before incubation for 1 hour at room temperature with the following secondary antibodies: IRDye 680LT Goat anti-Rabbit IgG: LI-COR (#926–68021), 1:20,000. IRDye 800CW Donkey anti-Mouse IgG: LI-COR (#926–32212), 1:20,000. Immunoblots were imaged with the Odyssey CLx Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences). Band intensity was quantitated using ImageStudioLite v5.2.5 or ImageJ 1.52v.
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3

Western Blotting for Protein Detection

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Western blotting assay was performed as described previously [38 (link)]. The following antibodies were used: Flag (cat. no. ab49763; abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), HA (cat. no. ab1265; abcam), Myc (cat. no. ab9106; abcam), GAPDH (cat. no. 60004–1-Ig; Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA), NONO (cat. no. 611279; BD Bioscience, Franklin lakes, NJ, USA), PRMT1 (cat. no. 2449; Cell Signaling Technology, CST, Beverly, MA, USA), PRMT5 (cat. no. D160716; Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China), pan-ADMA (cat. no. 13522; CST), pan-MMA (cat. no. 8015; CST). Images were captured with ChemiDocTM Imaging System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA), and the band intensity were analyzed using Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
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4

Protein Analysis in Cell Signaling

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PAK4 (Cell Signaling Technology, USA); PAK4 (Santa cruz); Phospho-PAK4 (Ser474,Cell Signaling Technology, USA); RUNX1 (Abcam, USA), RUNX1 (Santa cruz), SIN3A (Cell Signaling Technology, USA); HDAC1 (Cell Signaling Technology, USA); PRMT1 (Cell Signaling Technology, USA); Mono-Methyl Arginine (R*GG) (Cell Signaling Technology, USA); Jagged-1 (Cell Signaling Technology, USA); PTHrP (Abcam, USA); Flag, GFP, GAPDH (GenScript, Nanjing, China).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Targets

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Total proteins were extracted from cells and tissue using RIPA Lysis Buffer (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with 1% PMSF (Sigma). The concentration of the protein samples was determined and standardized using the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Thirty micrograms of each lysate was electrophoresed by SDS-PAGE on 10% SDS gels, and then were transferred onto a PVDF membrane. After over 1 h of blocking in 5% milk with TBST buffer (20 mM Tris-HCL, 137 mM NaCl, 0.5% Tween 20, pH 7.6), the membrane was incubated with the appropriate primary antibodies of P-gp (Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Beverly, MA, USA), PXR (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) and PRMT1 (Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Beverly, MA, USA) at 4°C overnight. Then, the membrane was washed with TBST buffer for 3 times (10 min each time), and incubated with the corresponding peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:2000) for 1 h at 37°C. The membrane was washed again, 3 times with TBST and twice with TBS (10 min each time), and then was exposed to Immobilon Western Chemilum Hrp Substrate (Millipore, Boston, MA, USA). Finally, protein concentration was estimated relative to β-actin (for PXR and P-gp) or tubulin (for PRMT1) using WCIF Image J Software [24 (link)].
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6

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Methylation

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The proteins resolved by 1-dimensional (1D) or 2D PAGE were transferred onto a PVDF membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with antibodies against PRMT1 (1:1,000 dilution, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), PRMT4 (1:5,000, Novus Biology, Centennial, CO, USA), PRMT6 (1:1,000 dilution, Cell Signaling Technology), ASYM24 (1:5,000, Millipore), and β-actin (1:10,000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). After extensive washing with Tris-buffered saline (TBS), the immunoblot was incubated with peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody for 1 hour at room temperature and then washed with TBS/0.05% Tween-20 followed by water. The bound antibodies were visualized by the immunoblotting detection reagents (Millipore). The relative intensities of specific signals were quantified using the Kodak MI imaging system (Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA).
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of Neural Markers

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Immunofluorescence was performed using conventional method as described (25 (link)). Primary antibodies were EZH2 (Cell Signaling Technology, #5246), HDAC1 (Cell Signaling Technology, #5356), LSD1 (Cell Signaling Technology, #2139), MAP2 (Abcam, #ab183830), MEF2C (Cell Signaling Technology, #5030), MYOD1 (Novus Biologicals, #NB100-56511), NESTIN (R&D systems, #AF2736), NEUROD1 (Cell Signaling Technology, #4373), NF-L (Cell Signaling Technology, #2837), PAX6 (Abcam, #ab195045), PRMT1 (Cell Signaling Technology, #2449), PSMA2 (Abclonal, #A2504), PSMD2 (Abclonal, #A1999), RPL26 (Abclonal, #A16680), RPS3 (Abclonal, #A2533), SOX1 (Abcam, #ab109290), SOX2 (Cell Signaling Technology, #23064), TUBB3 (Cell Signaling Technology, #5568), 20S α + β (Abcam, #ab22673). Secondary antibodies were anti-mouse IgG (FITC-conjugated) (Sigma-Aldrich, #F9137), anti-mouse or rabbit Alexa Flour 594 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #A21207, #A21203). Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. After staining, slides were washed and mounted with SlowFade Gold Antifade Mountant (Thermo Fisher, #S36936). Cells were viewed and photographed with a fluorescence microscope (Zeiss LSM 880).
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8

Antibody Specifications and Peptide Details for Methylated Gli1 Analysis

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The antibodies used in this study were Gli1 (#3538, Cell Signaling Technology, for western blotting and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, and#sc-20687, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, for immunohistochemistry), actin (#A2066, Sigma-Aldrich), Flag (#F3165, Sigma-Aldrich), Flag M2 magnetic beads (#M8823, Sigma-Aldrich), PRMT1 (#2449, Cell Signaling Technology), and tubulin (#T5168, Sigma-Aldrich). GDC-0449, NVP-LDE225, and RAD-001 were purchased from Selleck Chemicals LLC, GANT58 and GANT61 from Tocris Bioscience, and AMI-1 from Sigma-Aldrich. The SYBR Green real-time PCR kit was obtained from Bio-Rad and TGF-β from Peprotech (#100-21). The antibody against R597-methylated Gli1 was developed using the following synthetic peptide with asymmetric dimethylation at R597 as antigen: RARYASA-[R597(aMe2)]-GGGTS (C-terminal amidation and N-terminal KLH conjugation). Other peptides used in the study included the following:

Cold Gli1 peptide without R597 methylation [Gli1-R597]: RARYASA-[R597]-GGGTS;

Hot Gli1 peptide with R597 monomethylation [Gli1-R597(Me)]: RARYASA-[R597(Me)] -GGGTS;

Hot Gli1 peptide with R597 asymmetric dimethylation [Gli1-R597(aMe2)]: RARYASA-[R597(aMe2)]-GGGTS;

Hot Gli1 peptide with R597 symmetric dimethylation [Gli1-R597(sMe2)]: RARYASA-[R597(sMe2)]-GGGTS.

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