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4 protocols using anti ddx21

1

Investigating Viral RNA Sensing Pathways

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Sendai virus was purchased from The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). Reovirus was purchased from Advanced Biotechnologies, Inc. (Columbia, MD). Poly I:C, poly dG:dC and biotin-labeled Poly I:C were purchased from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA). Lipofectamine 2000 was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). DHX15 antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA) and used for immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. The following antibodies were used for immunoblotting: anti-IRF3 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX); anti-DDX21 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO); anti-MAVS, anti-STING, anti-Erk1/2, anti-p38, anti-p65, anti-phospho-Erk1/2, anti-phospho-p38, anti-phospho-p65 and anti-phospho-IRF3 (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA); anti-DHX41, anti-GAPDH-HRP, anti-Flag-HRP, Anti-HA-HRP and anti-Myc-HRP (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Anti-HA and anti-Myc beads were purchased from Sigma. Protein A/G beads and NeutAvidin beads were purchased from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL).
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2

Preparation and Analysis of HEK293 Nuclear Extracts

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HEK293 nuclear extracts were prepared as described previously35 (link). For immunoprecipitations, extracts were incubated overnight with 3 μg of the desired antibody pre-bound to protein G-sepharose (Pierce). In some case protein extracts were treated with RNaseA (20 μg ml−1). Immunocomplexes were eluted in 2× Laemmli buffer and resolved in an 8% acrylamide gel. For western blots the following antibodies were used according to manufacturer instructions: anti-NOP58 (Bethyl A302-718A); anti-fibrillarin (Cell Signaling C13C3); anti-DKC1 (Gene Tex GTX109000); anti-Flag (Sigma); anti-DDX21 (Novus Biologicals NB100-1781); anti-LARP7 (a gift from D. H. Price); anti-CDK9 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-484); anti-cyclinT1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-10750); and anti-HEXIM1 (Bethyl A303-113A). All antibodies have been previously validated unless otherwise specified.
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3

Plasmid and Antibody Characterization

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Plasmids encoding Flag-hSIRT7, Flag-PCAF, CBP-HA, and p300-HA have been described (Muth et al. 2001 (link); Ford et al. 2006 (link)). cDNAs of DDX21and mutants DDX21SAT, DDX21DEV, and DDX213KQ were generated by PCR and cloned into pCMV-Tag2. Antibodies against SIRT7 (Chen et al. 2016 (link)), RPA194 (Percipalle et al. 2006 (link)), and RPA116 (Seither et al. 1997 (link)) have been reported. The S9.6 antibody was purified from the hybridoma HB-8739 cell line (Boguslawski et al. 1986 (link)). Commercial antibodies used were anti-acetyl-lysine (Cell Signaling Technology, 9441), anti-DDX21 (Novus Biologicals, NB100-1718), anti-Flag (Sigma, F3165), anti-GFP (Abcam, ab290), anti-pSer5-Pol II (Abcam, ab5408), anti-pSer2-Pol II (Millipore, MABE953), anti-tubulin (Sigma, clone B-5-1-2, T6074), anti-γH2AX (Millipore, 05-636), and anti-H2A (Millipore, 07-146). anti-Flag (M2) beads (Sigma, A220) were used for precipitation of Flag-tagged proteins, and the GFP-Trap (Chromotek, gta) was used for purification of GFP-tagged proteins. Anti-rabbit or anti-mouse secondary antibodies conjugated to HRP were from Dianova (111-035-144 and 115-035-062).
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4

Quantitative Nuclear Protein Analysis

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Nuclear extracts were prepared according to the Dignam and Roeder protocol32 . For immunoprecipitations, extracts were incubated overnight with 3–5 μg of the desired antibody pre-bound to Protein G Sepharose (Pierce). In some cases, protein extracts were treated with RNaseA (20 μg ml−1). Immunocomplexes were eluted in 2× Laemmli buffer and resolved in a 4–20% pre-casted tris-glycine gel (Life Technologies). For western blots, the following antibodies were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions: anti-GFP (Thermo Fisher Scientific A-6455), anti-TCOF1 (Novus Biologicals NBP1-86909 and Abnova H00006949-B01P), anti-Flag (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-DDX21 (Novus Biologicals NB100-1781), anti-p53 (Vector Laboratories VP-P953), anti-ACTIN (Abcam ab49900). All antibodies had been previously validated unless otherwise specified.
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