β thujaplicin

β-Thujaplicin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). A stock solution of β-Thujaplicin at 100 mM was prepared in DMSO (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and stored at −20 °C. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from Basal Media Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). AO/EB staining kit was purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). MTT cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay kit, BCA protein assay kit, and apoptosis analysis kit were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Suzhou, China). Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis detection kit was purchased from KeyGen Biotech (NanJing, China). Crystal violet solution, CQ, and EBSS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and were used in the concentration indicated before. LY3214996 and RAPA were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Texas, USA). SB203580 was purchased from MedChemExpress (New Jersey, USA). Ad-GFP-LC3 adenovirus (Hanbio Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) was used to detect autophagosomes. The primary antibodies GAPDH, p-Akt, Akt, p38, p-p38, JNK, p-JNK, ERK, p-ERK, p62, LAMP1, LC3B, cleaved PARP1, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were afforded by Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).