The photosensitizing polymers RB@Pmp and RB@Pgel were prepared from RB sodium salt (Sigma-Aldrich) and the ion exchange resins Amberlite® IRA-900 (Pmp) and Amberlite® IRA-400 (Pgel), respectively (chloride forms, both from Sigma-Aldrich). The synthesis and characterization are reported elsewhere (34 (link)).
Amberlite ira 900
Manufactured by Merck Group
Amberlite® IRA-900 is a strong base anion exchange resin manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for the removal and recovery of anions from aqueous solutions.
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Lab products found in correlation
Amberlite ira 400, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Rb sodium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Oasis max, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Strata x a, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
Strata x aw, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
Siliabond, by Silicycle (1 mentions)
Rose bengal sodium salt rb, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
V 630 uv vis spectrophotometer, by Jasco (1 mentions)
Amberlyst 15, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
700 series icp oes, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
1 methyl 2 pyrrolidone nmp, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol 10 000 peg, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nahco3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Khco3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nano3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Magnesium sulfate mgso4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cacl2, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using amberlite ira 900
1
Photosensitizing Polymers RB@Pmp and RB@Pgel
2
Evaluation of Resin Types for Analyte Extraction
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Three types of resins were used:Table 3 .
Nucleophilic Scavengers (non-regenerable): Siliabond from SiliCycle (Quebec, QC, Canada) and Ethylenediamino purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Anionic Mixed Mode (regenerable): Oasis MAX from Waters (Mildford, MA, USA), Bond Elut Certify II from Varian (Palo Alto, CA, USA), Strata X-A and Strata X-AW from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA). This type of resins required a previous conditioning step with methanol and vacuum drying under nitrogen stream.
Anionic Pure Mode (regenerable): DowexTM 1 × 2 50–100 and Amberlite® IRA 900 were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich.
3
Immobilization of Rose Bengal Photosensitizers
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The preparation of the RB loaded polymers was performed by mixing 50 mL of Rose Bengal sodium salt (RB, Sigma-Aldrich) solution in absolute EtOH (30 µM) with 1 g of Amberlite® IRA-900 or Amberlite® IRA-400 (both from Sigma-Aldrich, chloride form; ion exchange resins were previously washed with ethanol and vacuum dried overnight). The suspension was stirred smoothly at room temperature. Loading was followed by UV-Vis (JASCO V-630 UV-vis spectrophotometer), monitoring the decrease of the absorbance at 560 nm (quantitative RB loading after 70 min of stirring). The beads were filtered off on a sintered glass filter and washed with EtOH. Finally, the polymers were dried under vacuum at 55 ºC overnight.
Characterization of the supported photosensitizers was performed by fluorescence spectroscopy, porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (see below).
Characterization of the supported photosensitizers was performed by fluorescence spectroscopy, porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (see below).
4
Preparation and Characterization of Ion Exchange Resin-Based Composite Membranes
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Polyethersulfone (PES) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) was used as a polymer binder and Polyethylene glycol 10,000 (PEG) (Sigma Aldrich) as a pore former. 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (Sigma Aldrich) was employed as a solvent. A strong acidic cation exchange resin (Amberlyst 15) and a strong basic anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA 900) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. A microfiltration polyester non-woven fabric was purchased from Hirose Paper Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in Tosa-shi, Japan. The synthetic groundwater solution was prepared by dissolving potassium nitrate (KNO3, Sigma Aldrich), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4, Sigma Aldrich), calcium chloride (CaCl2, Sigma Aldrich), sodium nitrate (NaNO3, Sigma Aldrich), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, Sigma Aldrich) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3, Sigma Aldrich) in ultrapure water. MERCK Certipur 111,355 ICP multi-element standard solution IV was used to prepare external standards for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (700 Series ICP-OES, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Potassium cell test (K+ cat. No: 1.14562), sulfate cell test (SO42−, cat. No: 1.02537), chloride cell test (Cl−, cat No: 114730), total hardness test (cat. No: 1.00961) and nitrate cell test (NO3− cat. No: 1.14773) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
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