Jsm 5510lv sem

The fifth abdominal segment was removed and placed in 95–100% ethanol for DNA extraction. The remaining anterior and posterior ends of the specimens were dehydrated by passing through an ethanol series of 70, 80, 95, and 100% (1 h each), followed by ethyl acetate (1 or 2 h), then air-dried, individually mounted on stubs with carbon tape, placed in a desiccator overnight, and sputter-coated with gold-palladium. Stub-mounted specimens were photographed and examined with a Phenon XL G1 and G2 Desktop SEM (Nanoscience Instruments, ThermoFischer Scientific, Phoenix, Arizona, USA) (Figs 28–32, 36, 39, 41–44, and 48–51) and JEOL JSM–5510LV SEM (JEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts, USA) (other SEM figures) at FDACS/DPI, Gainesville, FL. After imaging, specimens were stored at FSCA.

Larvae of 13 Anastrepha species classified in eight species group were photographed and examined with a JEOL JSM–5510LV SEM (JEOL USA, Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts, USA) at FDACS/DPI, and the descriptions and illustrations of 15 species in the literature were consulted (Table 1). After imaging, specimens were stored at FSCA. Characters of the pseudocephalon with relevant phylogenetic signal were evaluated to construct a character matrix including the ingroup (mucronota species group) and outgroup taxa.