The antibacterial behavior of the PEEK, SPEEK, SPEEK-GO, SPEEK-nisin, and SPEEK-GO-nisin samples was studied via an agar diffusion assay. This assay was used to evaluate the inhibition zones of the samples, following the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The agar plate was prepared with a concentration of 25 g per liter and a volume of 25 mL, which was poured into a 90 mm Petri dish. Then, a 100 µL bacterial suspension of S. aureus (106 CFU bacterial concentration, obtained from the Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan) was added onto the Petri dish along with a Luria–Bertani (LB) broth. The different SPEEK samples were gently placed on the Petri dishes containing S. aureus bacteria. The plates were carefully placed in an incubator at 37 °C for 24 h. The antibacterial activities of S. aureus was determined by measuring the diameter of inhibition zone, in millimeters (mm).
S aureus
Manufactured by RIKEN BioResource Center
S. aureus is a lab equipment product for the identification and characterization of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. It provides a standardized tool for the detection and analysis of this common bacterial species.
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3 protocols using s aureus
1
Antibacterial Evaluation of SPEEK-based Polymer Composites
2
Microbial Growth and Strain Culturing
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Microbial media and growth plates were prepared prior to growing
various microbe strains. Sterilized Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) (Merck
Co., Ltd.) and de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) (Merck Co., Ltd.) broth
were used for all microbe cultures used in this study. Similarly,
sterilized Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) (Merck Co., Ltd.) and MRS agar
(Merck Co., Ltd.) were poured and solidified in 100 × 15 mm petri
dishes.
Cultures of L. crispatus (Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan) were
grown in MRS broth; on the other hand, MSSA, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E.
faecalis, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, E.
coli, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans (Bioresource Collection
and Research Center) were grown in TSB. All cultures were prepared
in a shaking incubator (Thermo Fisher Scientific) set at 37 °C
and 200 rpm for 24 h. The cultures were diluted to a 0.5 MacFarland
bacterial turbidity standard using a UV–VIS optical density
spectrophotometer (Vernier Software & Technology, Beaverton, OR,
USA). 50 μL of different microbes was added to their corresponding
nutrient plate, and sterilized cell spreaders were used to equally
distribute the microbes on the plate.
various microbe strains. Sterilized Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) (Merck
Co., Ltd.) and de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe (MRS) (Merck Co., Ltd.) broth
were used for all microbe cultures used in this study. Similarly,
sterilized Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) (Merck Co., Ltd.) and MRS agar
(Merck Co., Ltd.) were poured and solidified in 100 × 15 mm petri
dishes.
Cultures of L. crispatus (Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan) were
grown in MRS broth; on the other hand, MSSA, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E.
faecalis, S. agalactiae, S. pneumoniae, E.
coli, K. pneumoniae, and C. albicans (Bioresource Collection
and Research Center) were grown in TSB. All cultures were prepared
in a shaking incubator (Thermo Fisher Scientific) set at 37 °C
and 200 rpm for 24 h. The cultures were diluted to a 0.5 MacFarland
bacterial turbidity standard using a UV–VIS optical density
spectrophotometer (Vernier Software & Technology, Beaverton, OR,
USA). 50 μL of different microbes was added to their corresponding
nutrient plate, and sterilized cell spreaders were used to equally
distribute the microbes on the plate.
3
Cultivation and Maintenance of Pathogenic Bacteria
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P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), E. coli (ATCC 25922) and S. aureus (ATCC 6538) were obtained from Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Taiwan. Some experiments used biofilm-producing S. aureus SA 113 (ATCC 35556). Colonies were maintained on agar supplemented with the necessary medium, and transferred to fresh agar plates every two weeks. Cultures were grown by taking 2–3 colonies from agar plate to 25 mL of medium in a flask (3 mL of in tubes for some experiments) and maintaining at 37 °C at 180 rpm for 12–16 hours. Medium used for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was DifcoTM nutrient broth. DifcoTM tryptic soy broth was for E. coli. On the other hand, S. aureus SA 113 required tryptic soy broth supplemented with 0.5% glucose.
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P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), E. coli (ATCC 25922) and S. aureus (ATCC 6538) were obtained from Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Taiwan. Some experiments used biofilm-producing S. aureus SA 113 (ATCC 35556). Colonies were maintained on agar supplemented with the necessary medium, and transferred to fresh agar plates every two weeks. Cultures were grown by taking 2–3 colonies from agar plate to 25 mL of medium in a flask (3 mL of in tubes for some experiments) and maintaining at 37 °C at 180 rpm for 12–16 hours. Medium used for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus was DifcoTM nutrient broth. DifcoTM tryptic soy broth was for E. coli. On the other hand, S. aureus SA 113 required tryptic soy broth supplemented with 0.5% glucose.
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