Dihydrokainic acid

For pharmacologic interventions, the specific GLT-1 inhibitor dihydrokainic acid (DHK, 2 nmol and 4 nmol, respectively; Tocris Bioscience, USA and Canada, 200 μmol/L in 0.01 M PBS; John et al., 2015 (link); Zhang M. et al., 2007 (link)), Gap26 (a connexin mimetic peptide, 10 μL and 20 μL, respectively; BIOPIKE, 300 μmol/L in 0.01 M PBS; Sun et al., 2012 (link)), or the vehicle (25% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in PBS) was injected intracerebroventricularly at 30 min before HPC (ICV, Bregma:1.5 mm lateral, 0.8 mm posterior, 4.0 mm deep). L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine (methionine sulfoximine (MSO), GS inhibitor, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; Trabelsi et al., 2017 (link)) was dissolved in 0.9% normal saline and administered intraperitoneally in a dose of 170 mg/kg at 2 h before HPC. Sham animals were injected only with normal saline. A selective Src family kinase inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo (3, 4-d) pyrimidine (PP2, 10 μL and 20 μL, repectively; EMD Chemicals, Inc. San Diego, USA and Canada, 3 mg/L in 100% DMSO; Lennmyr et al., 2004 (link); Hou et al., 2007 (link)), or the vehicle (25% DMSO in PBS) was administered at 24 h before tGCI. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of abovementioned inhibitors to CA1, DHK, Gap26 and PP2 were injected intracerebroventricularly and MSO injected intraperitoneally to Sham animals.