and EZ-Link NHS-PEG4-biotin were
purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). Biotinylated
DNA and fluorescent-tagged oligonucleotides were purchased from Eurofin
Genomics (Tokyo, Japan). Manicure was purchased from Shiseido (Tokyo,
Japan). 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was purchased from Sigma
Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Boric acid was purchased from Nacalai Tesque
(Kyoto, Japan). 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
(HEPES) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were purchased
from Dojindo (Kumamoto, Japan). A cover glass (18 mm × 18 mm,
no. 1S, 0.175 ± 0.015 mm thickness) and a slide glass (76 mm
× 26 mm, S-0314 Neo no. 2, 1.0–1.2 mm thickness) were
purchased from Matsunami Glass Industries (Osaka, Japan). 1-Ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide
(EDC) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) was purchased from Wako Pure
Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). All of the other reagents were
purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan),
unless otherwise specified, and used without further purification.
Type 1 ultrapure water (Milli-Q) was used in all of the experiments.