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8 protocols using soybean lecithin

1

Dual-targeted Theranostic Nanoparticles

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Soybean lecithin and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-maleimide (polyethylene glycol 2000) carboxylic acid (DSPE-PEG-COOH) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabama, USA). Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), methotrexate (MTX) and indocyanine green (ICG) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA). Unless stated otherwise, all other materials used were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA). Placental CSA-binding peptide (plCSA-BP, EDVKDINFDTKEKFLAGCLIVSFHEGKC) and N-terminal α-amino-biotinylated plCSA-BP (biotin-plCSA-BP) were purchased from ChinaPeptides Co.,Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The scrambled peptide (SCR, EVDNDKKLGLVFEKDKIFTEFACISHCG) and N-terminal α-amino-biotinylated SCR (biotin-SCR) were synthesized at Shanghai GL Biochem Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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2

Lecithin and Polyglycerol Fatty Acid Esters

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Soybean lecithin (PC content ≥ 95%) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (AL, USA) . n-Decane was purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) . n-Decane was used as the oil component to compare with other lecithin reverse wormlike micellar systems. All polyglycerol fatty acid monoesters (hereinafter, referred to as PGLFAs, or PGLmFAn: where m is the degree of polymer-ization of the polyglycerol part and n is the number of carbon atoms in the saturated fatty acid part) were donated by Daicel Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) . In this study, we used decaglycerol monohexanoic acid ester (PGL10FA6) , decaglycerol monodecanoic acid ester (PGL10FA10) , decaglycerol monotetradecanoic acid (PGL10FA14) , decaglycerol monooctadecanoic acid ester (PGL10FA18) , hexaglycerol monodecanoic acid ester (PGL6FA10) , eicosaglycerol monodecanoic acid ester (PGL20FA10) and tetracontaglycerol monodecanoic acid ester (PGL40FA10) . The moisture content of all PGLFAs was below 0.1%. All chemicals were used without further purification. The molecular structures of lecithin and a polyglycerol monofatty acid ester (PGL10FA10) are shown in Scheme 1.
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3

Purification of RyR2 using SBP-FKBP12.6 affinity

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RyR2 was purified using SBP-FKBP12.6 affinity chromatography30 (link) with some modifications. The microsomes were solubilized with 2% (w/v) CHAPS (Dojindo) and 1% (w/v) soybean lecithin (Avanti Polar Lipids) in 1 M NaCl, 20 mM MOPS (pH 7.4), 2 mM dithiothreitol, and the protease inhibitor cocktail for 30 min on ice. After centrifugation at 100,000 × g for 30 min at 4 °C, the supernatant was diluted with four volumes of 20 mM MOPS (pH 7.4), 2 mM dithiothreitol, and the protease inhibitor cocktail, after which it was passed through a 0.45-μm filter and loaded onto a pre-equilibrated 5-mL StrepTrap HP column (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL) with the bound SBP-FKBP12.6 fusion protein. The column was successively washed with 10 column volumes of (1) wash buffer (20 mM MOPS pH7.4, 2 mM dithiothreitol, and 0.3 M sucrose) containing 0.2 M NaCl and 0.25% (w/v) CHAPS and (2) wash buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl and 0.015% (w/v) Tween-20 (Sigma-Aldrich). The SBP-FKBP12.6-RyR2 complex was eluted with the wash buffer supplemented with 2.5 mM D-desthiobiotin (Iba Lifesciences). After checking the purity by SDS-PAGE, the eluate was quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until further use.
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4

Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery via PLGA Nanoparticles

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Ester-terminated PLGA, with a 50:50 monomer ratio and a viscosity of 0.50–0.85 dl/g, was purchased from Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Polymeric Material (Jinan, Shandong, China). Soybean lecithin, comprising 90–95% phosphatidylcholine and mPEG2000-DSPE and Mal-PEG2000-DSPE, was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). TF was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DOX was purchased from Zhejiang Haizheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Taizhou, Zheijiang, China). Other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and obtained commercially.
BALB/c male athymic nude mice, ~20 g in weight, were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Tianjin Medical University (Heping, Tianjin, China). All animal experiments adhered to the principles of care and use of laboratory animals and were approved by the Experimental Animal Administrative Committee of Tianjin Medical University. This study was approved by the ethics committee of Zhengzhou University (Zhengzhou, China).
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5

Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy

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Soybean lecithin and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG-COOH) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). Poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (50:50) (PLGA), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), doxorubicin (DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). CSA-binding peptide (EDVKDINFDTKEKFLAGCLIVSFHEGKC) (Resende et al., 2008 (link)) and the scrambled peptide (SCR, EVDNDKKLGLVFEKDKIFTEFACISHCG) were synthesized by ChinaPeptides Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and Shanghai GL Biochem Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China), respectively. Unless stated otherwise, all other materials used were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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6

Soybean Lecithin-Based Formulation Development

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Soybean lecithin (95% purity and at least
95% phosphatidylcholine content) was obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids,
Inc. 1′,3′-Dihydro-1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-(2H)-indole]
(SP), sodium deoxycholate (SDC), and silica (fumed silica with an
average particle size of 200–300 nm and BET of 175–225
m2/g) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Isopropyl palmitate
was purchased from BLD Pharm. Aflunox 100 was a kind gift from Klüber
Lubrication (Germany). All chemicals were used without any further
purification.
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7

Formulation of Curcumin-Loaded Soy Lecithin Nanoemulsions

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Raw Pelibuey sheep milk was obtained from the ranch "El Rodeo" located at 17° 84' N, 92° 81' W, at 10 masl (Tabasco, Mexico). Curcumin (purity ≥ 98%) was purchased from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, USA), and soybean lecithin (95% phosphatidylcholine) from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, USA). Medium-chain oil was purchased from Sound Nutrition (Dover, USA), and glycerol (99.5% USP grade, vegetable-based) from KIC Chemicals Inc. (New Paltz, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade solvents were purchased from Tecsiquim (CDMX, Mexico), and all other reagents from SIGMA (Mexico City, Mexico).
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8

Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery for Cancer Stem Cells

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Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA; 50:50; Mw 40,000–75,000), coumarin 6, salinomycin sodium, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and all organic reagents of analytical grade were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), DMEM/F12, B27, insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) and TRIzol reagent were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Soybean lecithin and DSPE-PEG(2000)-maleimide were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). The thiolated EGFR aptamers (5′-SH-GCC UUA GUA ACG UGC UUU GAU GUC GAU UCG ACA GGA GGC-3′) were provided by Guangzhou Ruibo Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). The anti-EGFR antibody conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-EGFR) was provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (1:200, cat. no. sc-120 FITC; Dallas, TX, USA). The CD133 antibody with phycoerythrin (cat. no. 130-080-801; PE-CD133, 1:10) and CD133 MicroBead kit were obtained from Miltenyi Biotec, Inc. (Auburn, CA, USA). The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was obtained from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc. (Kumamoto, Japan).
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