Ni usb 6009

Wet-gel Ag/AgCl surface electrodes (Ambu, NF-50-K) are used for EMG measurement. Two channels of EMG signals are collected from the dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles of amputee subject’s residual shank (Figures 2A,B), respectively. Positions for electrode placement are determined by palpation. One electrode is placed on the bony area of the knee as the reference electrode. EMG signals are differentially amplified with a gain of 1000, full-wave rectified and lower-pass filtered with a Butterworth filter, whose cutoff frequency is 2.0 Hz. Then, the signals are amplified with a gain of 10. The above signal processing is accomplished by a self-designed circuit. The processed signals are transmitted to a host computer through a data acquisition (DAQ) card (National Instruments, NI-USB-6009). The sampling rate for signal collection is 1000 Hz.

The target signal was created and displayed on the monitor with custom made MATLAB scripts (version 2014b, Math Works Inc, USA), while an interface was created for triggering and synchronizing all devices with a single pulse. The force platform signal was digitized with a 14-bit resolution A/D card (NI USB-6009, National Instruments, USA) at 1000 Hz sampling rate and the anterior-posterior component was normalized to the foot length and was returned as input to the monitor for the vertical position of the yellow dot, with the full height of the screen representing 100% of foot length. The refresh rate of the dots was set at 50 fps.
The EMG signals were captured with a wireless EMG system (myon m320, myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland). The signal was pre-amplified (gain: 500, input impedance: 2 MΩ, bandwidth: 5–500 Hz) and transmitted at 12-bit resolution with 1000 Hz sampling frequency. All digitized signals were stored for further processing.

DNA amplification reactions (in paper discs) were detected using a homemade C⁴D module comprising both the current-to-voltage signal converter and signal treatment circuits. It was constructed according to Silva et al. [33 (link)]. The entire homemade C⁴D detection system uses a sinusoidal wave provided by a function generator (model DS335, SRS Stanford Research Instruments, California, USA) that goes through the excitation electrode. The receiver electrode is connected to the C⁴D detection module, and then to an ADC converter (National Instruments, NI USB-6009) allowing digitalization and computer data acquisition by means of a LabVIEW-based software with a time resolution of 1 ms. Optimization experiments were performed by applying a 400, 500, or 600 kHz sinusoidal wave with 1 V_pp amplitude to the excitation electrode.

The AO30 tests were performed on a standardized non-motorized treadmill^{20 (link)–22 (link)}. Subjects ran with an inextensible steel cable in series with a load cell (CSL/ZL-500, MK Controle e Instrumentação Ltda, Brazil) attached to their waist for a directly horizontal force measurement^{22 (link)}. Vertical force during the running test was also captured by four load cells positioned under a platform (NMT). Velocity was obtained as the first derivative of the treadmill displacement using a Hall-effect sensor. Thus, power was obtained by the product between force and velocity. The acquisition system consisted of a strain gauge (CSA/ZL-500 MK Control, Sao Paulo, Brazil), a portable amplifier (MKTC5–10, MK Control, Sao Paulo, Brazil) and an acquisition module (NI USB-6009, National Instruments, Austin, USA). Mechanical measures were captured via signals (LabView Signal Express 2009 National Instruments®) with 1000 Hz acquisition. The NMT system was calibrated daily^{21 (link)} modulated and subsequently transferred to MatLab (R2008a MatLab®, MathWorkstm). Peak, mean and minimum of the force and power were displayed in absolute and relative body mass values.

LFPs were recorded from a stainless steel electrode implanted in the dorsolateral region of the OB with reference to a skull screw implanted posteriolateral to bregma. Signals were amplified (2000×, Model 3500, A-M systems), filtered at 0.1 Hz–300 Hz, and sampled at 2 kHz. LFP signals were recorded together with odor-stimulation event markers via an in-house recording system based on an NI sampling card (NI-USB-6009).

In goldfish and carp experiments, visual stimulation was provided by a servo-controlled planetarium that could be rotated 360° around the vertical axis at speeds ranging from 0 to 100°/s constant velocity^{2 (link),3 (link),26} . The planetarium projected a random light spot pattern on to the walls of the water tank. The rotational axis of the planetarium was carefully aligned to the center of the animal’s head at the level of the horizontal semicircular canals. Horizontal and vertical eye including planetarium positions were measured by a potentiometer (Midori Precisions Co., Ltd., Japan). The signals were continuously digitized at a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz in 16-bits with the use of a Power1401 interface (Cambridge Electronic Design, UK) for display and storage using the Spike2 program. The commands to drive the planetarium were also generated in Spike2 and D/A converted by Power1401.
In the zebrafish and medaka experimental setup, the visual stimulus was also a random light spots pattern projected on to the wall of the water tank by a planetarium placed under the transparent floor of the tank rotated by a servomotor (CM1-17L30A, MUSCLE Corporation) by using LabVIEW via a DAQ (NI USB-6009, NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS)^{19 (link)}.