C57BL/6 male mice were purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). This study began when all the mice were 8-weeks-old. Under specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions, the mice were fed an ad-libitum diet of laboratory pellet chow and tap water, and were kept on a 12-hour light/dark cycle at the Animal Centre of Shandong University. tyExperiments were performed under a project license (No.: 21109) granted by Laboratory Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee of Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, in compliance with Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine guidelines for the care and use of animals. A protocol was prepared before the study without registration.
Male c57bl 6 mice
Manufactured by Spf Biotechnology
Sourced in China
Male C57BL/6 mice are a commonly used inbred strain of laboratory mice. They are widely utilized in biomedical research due to their well-characterized genetic background and physiological traits.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Matrigel basement membrane matrix 356234, by Corning (1 mentions)
Hepa 1 6 cells, by National Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (1 mentions)
Dextran sulfate sodium (dss), by MP Biomedicals (1 mentions)
Db db mice, by GemPharmatech (1 mentions)
Streptozotocin (stz), by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Male sprague dawley rats, by Spf Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Lipopolysaccharides (lps), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Female c57bl 6 and, by Spf Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Streptozotocin (stz), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
21 protocols using male c57bl 6 mice
1
Feeding and Housing C57BL/6 Mice
2
Microwave Ablation Enhances Macrophage Recruitment
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C57/BL6 male mice (5–6 weeks old) were purchased from SPF Biotechnology Company (Beijing, China) and housed in a specific pathogen-free room. All animal protocols in this study were approved by the Research Animal Care and Use Committee of the Chinese PLA General Hospital (approval number: 2017-X13-52, Beijing, China) and are in line with the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) guidelines. All procedures were conducted under aseptic conditions and isoflurane anesthesia. To establish a mouse model of orthotopic liver cancer, 25 μL of a mixture containing Hepa 1-6 cells (Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) and Matrigel (Basement Membrane Matrix 356234, Corning, USA) was injected into the center of the left hepatic lobe. One week later, when the maximum diameter of liver tumors reached 7–9 mm, mice were anesthetized, and a laparotomy was performed.
These mice were then subjected to low levels of MWA (insufficient for full tumor eradication) on a microwave ablation apparatus, with an antenna having an active tip length of 5 mm (Canyou Medical, Nanjing, China). The antenna was placed in the non-central site of liver tumors and set to an output power of 2 W for 1 min. At 2 weeks post-ablation, mice were sacrificed, and the ablated liver lobe was isolated for histopathological examination to assess macrophage recruitment.
These mice were then subjected to low levels of MWA (insufficient for full tumor eradication) on a microwave ablation apparatus, with an antenna having an active tip length of 5 mm (Canyou Medical, Nanjing, China). The antenna was placed in the non-central site of liver tumors and set to an output power of 2 W for 1 min. At 2 weeks post-ablation, mice were sacrificed, and the ablated liver lobe was isolated for histopathological examination to assess macrophage recruitment.
3
Colitis Alleviation by Microvesicle Therapy
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Six weeks old C57BL/6 male mice were originally purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Beijing, China). The mice were housed under specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment to adapt to the laboratory conditions, with free access to food and water. For dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis (molecular weight 36 000-50 000 kDa; MP Biomedicals, CA, USA), mice were provided 3.5% (w/v) DSS in their drinking water for 7 days continuously. To test the role of mEVs on colitis model, mice were orally administrated the mEVs for 30 days before the DSS treatment (3.0 × 10 9 particles per gram body weight/mouse). Body weight was monitored daily. Disease activity index (DAI) was evaluated by weight loss, stool consistency, and presence of blood in the feces. Finally, mice were euthanatized and sacrificed, and plasma, colon tissues, and colon contents were obtained for the following experiments. A portion of the collected colons was subjected to further histology analysis.
4
Diabetic Mouse Model for Ophthalmic Research
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Male C57BL/6 mice (6–8 weeks old) were purchased from SPF Biotechnology (Beijing, China). DB/DB mice and db/+ mice (6–8 weeks old; weight, 20–24 g) were purchased from GemPharmatech (Nanjing, China). Type 1 diabetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg (Solarbio Science & Technology, Beijing, China) for 5 consecutive days. In the present study, diabetic mice with blood glucose levels above 16.7 mmol/L were used 4, 5, and 6 months after the final STZ injection. All of the animal experiments were approved by the ethics committee of Shandong Eye Institute and carried out in accordance with the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.
5
Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Model
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Male C57BL/6 mice (20 ± 2 g, 8–10 weeks old) were purchased from Beijing SPF Biotechnology (Beijing, China). All procedures were performed following the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and approved by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Animal Care Committee. The animals were housed in a 12:12-h light–dark cycle and temperature-controlled (22°C) environment and fed with standard rodent chow and tap water. A DIC model was generated as described previously (Wang et al., 2019 (link); Wang et al., 2020 (link)). After a week of adjustable feeding, mice randomly assigned in the model, FGL, and ENA groups were injected by tail vein with DOX following a dose of 5 mg/kg once weekly for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, mice in the control group were treated with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) instead. Then, FGL at 20 mg/kg and ENA at 15 mg/kg were administered intragastrically and daily for 4 weeks at 1 week after last injection of DOX, respectively. The control and model groups also received the same volume of ultrapure water. ENA has been repeatedly reported to protect against DIC in clinical and preclinical studies (Hullin et al., 2018 (link)); thus, we applied ENA as a positive control for animal experiments.
6
Exploring XFBD Effects on LPS-Induced Lung Injury
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Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 72, body weight: 18–22 g, six weeks old) were obtained from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (license number: SCXK (Tianjin) 2019-0002). All experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (authorization number: TCM-LAEC2021186). All mice were kept at 22–26 °C and 55 ± 5% humidity with a light/dark cycle for 12 h, acclimated for 7 days before the experiment, and given free access to food and water.
The 72 mice were randomly divided into control, LPS (2 mg/mL), LPS + LHQW (2.3 g/kg), and LPS + XFBD (1.3, 2.6, and 5.2 g/kg) groups. Different groups of mice were administered XFBD by gavage according to the experimental design. On the 8th day, 1 h after gavage, LPS solution (0.5 μL/g) was injected into the nasal cavity. Mice were anesthetized 6 h after instillation, and lung tissue, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. LPS, LHQW and XFBD administrations were formulated using deionized water.
The 72 mice were randomly divided into control, LPS (2 mg/mL), LPS + LHQW (2.3 g/kg), and LPS + XFBD (1.3, 2.6, and 5.2 g/kg) groups. Different groups of mice were administered XFBD by gavage according to the experimental design. On the 8th day, 1 h after gavage, LPS solution (0.5 μL/g) was injected into the nasal cavity. Mice were anesthetized 6 h after instillation, and lung tissue, serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. LPS, LHQW and XFBD administrations were formulated using deionized water.
7
Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model in Mice
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Male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old, 20–22 g body weight) were purchased from SPF Biotechnology. Bilateral IRI (BiIRI) was established by clamping the renal pedicle for 30 minutes, during which time the body temperature was strictly maintained at 37°C by a sensitive rectal probe (Harvard Apparatus), as previously described (60 (link), 61 (link)). To block the secretion of EV, we administered 2.5 mg/kg GW4869 by i.p. injection 1 hour before IRI operation.
8
Murine Model for Radiation Exposure
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Male C57BL/6 mice aged 6 to 7 weeks, with a body mass of 20–22 g, were obtained from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). These mice were housed up to five mice per cage with a 12 h light-dark cycle at constant temperature (21 °C) and humidity. Access to food and water was ad libitum. All animal experiments in this study were approved by the Institute of Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Radiation Medicine (Beijing, China).
9
Sprague–Dawley Rat and C57BL/6 Mouse Study
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Male Sprague–Dawley rats (weight: 180–220 g) and male C57BL/6 mice (6–8-weeks old) were purchased from SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All animals were maintained under 12-h light/dark conditions at 22–24°C with unrestricted access to food and water for the duration of the experiment. All animal experiments in this study were conducted according to the guidelines for care and use of laboratory animals, and the study protocol was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital (animal ethics committee approval number: IACUC-2017-003).
10
Surgical Gastric Modification and Metabolic Effects
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Male C57BL/6 mice aged 7–8 weeks were acquired from SPF Biotechnology Co. (Beijing, China). All mice were housed at a suitable temperature under a 12-h light/dark cycle. All mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 60% kcal from fat (D12492; Xiao Shu You Tai Biotechnology, Beijing, China) for 16 weeks to induce insulin resistance and fatty liver [47 (link)]. At the beginning of the experiment, 20 mice were fed HFD. Of these, 4 mice were excluded from the group because they weighed less than 35 g. The 16 mice were subsequently treated with SG operation (n = 8) and sham operation (n = 8). Two SG mice died within one week of the operation. After dissection, it was found that one mouse died of gastric fistula and the other death was probably due to pyloric obstruction. No mice in the sham operation group died. We finally selected 6 mice in the SG group and 6 randomly selected mice in the sham group. All mice were sacrificed after continued 10-week HFD feeding post-operation. All mice were euthanized after 12 h fasting to collect samples. The animal research was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research at Shandong Provincial Qian Foshan Hospital (S328; 3 April 2020).
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