HPLC-grade methanol was purchased from Honeywell Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA). Deionized water was purified in a Milli-Q System (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Acetic acid was obtained from the Junsei Chemical Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). (+)-Catechin and (−)-epicatechin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), and the purity was higher than 98% by HPLC analysis.
Acetic acid
Manufactured by Junsei
Sourced in Japan
Acetic acid is a colorless, pungent-smelling chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3COOH. It is a weak acid that is commonly used in various laboratory and industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetonitrile, by Junsei (3 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Hesperidin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hesperetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Naringenin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dipotassium phosphate, by Junsei (2 mentions)
Monopotassium phosphate, by Junsei (2 mentions)
Hexane, by Junsei (2 mentions)
1 4 dithiothreitol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
α cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trolox, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Vanillic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Syringic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Junsei (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Junsei (2 mentions)
20 protocols using acetic acid
1
HPLC Analysis of Catechins
2
Gelatin Zymography of Conditioned Media
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MCF10A, MCF10A-TMBIM6, MCF10A-TMBIM6-ΔC, MDA-MB231 and TMBIM6 shRNA transfected MDA-MB231 cells were cultured in serum-free medium for 24 h. Conditioned medium was collected and centrifuged at 1,000 × g for 10 min to remove cell debris. The protein concentration was measured using BCA protein assay reagents (Pierce). Equal amounts of conditioned media were mixed with Laemmli non-reducing sample buffer, incubated for 15 min at room temperature, and separated by electrophoresis on 10% SDS-PAGE gels copolymerized with 1 mg/ml gelatin (Sigma-Aldrich). After electrophoresis, the gels were washed with 2.5% Triton X-100, twice, for 30 min; rinsed 3 times for 30 min in an incubation buffer containing 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.6), 5 mM CaCl2 (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.02% Brij-35 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.2% sodium azide (Sigma-Aldrich); and incubated overnight at 37°C in incubation buffer. Gels were stained with 0.5% Coomassie brilliant blue R-250 (Amresco LLC, Solon, OH, USA) solution containing 10% acetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) and 20% methanol (Junsei, Tokyo, Japan) for 30 min and were then destained with 7.5% acetic acid solution containing 10% methanol. Areas of gelatinase activity were detected as clear bands against the blue-stained gelatin background.
3
Optimized Enzymatic Assay for Botanical Compounds
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Luria-Bertani broth, isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside, sodium phosphate (dibasic), sodium chloride, imidazole, cellobiose, and methanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Liquiritin (LQ), baicalin (BC), glycyrrhizin (GC), hesperidin (HP), neohesperidin (NH), naringin (NR), liquiritigenin, genipin, baicalein, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, hesperetin, naringenin, p-nitrophenol (pNP), p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), and p-nitrophenyl β-D-glucuronide (pNPGr) standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Geniposide was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), and TALON metal affinity resin was purchased from Takara (Kusatsu, Japan). Solvents for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were purchased from J. T. Baker Chemical Co. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA; acetonitrile) and Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan; acetic acid).
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Brinzolamide
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4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), trimethylamine (NEt3), deuterochloroform (CDCl3), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Isobutyl chloroformate, pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and acetic acid (AcOH) were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. t-Butyldimethylsilyl chloride, iodomethane (CH3I), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), hexane, ethyl acetate (AcOEt), methanol (MeOH), acetonitrile (CH3CN), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), anhydrous magnesium sulphate (MgSO4), and silica gel were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd. Acetone was purchased from Daishin Chemical Co., Ltd. Brinzolamide was purchased from Yitai Pharmatec Co., Ltd. Isoflurane was purchased from Pfizer Co., Ltd. as Escain. Sevoflurane was purchased from Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. as Sevofrane. Ketamine hydrochloride was purchased from Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd. as KETALAR. Xylazine hydrochloride was purchased from Bayer HealthCare Co., Ltd. as Selactar. Azopt was purchased from Alcon Co., Ltd. These reagents were used without further purification.
5
Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis Workflow
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Acrylamide, acetonitrile, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, bis-Acrylamide, benzamidine, Bradford solution, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate hydrate (CHAPS), 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT), ferulic acid, fluorescein (FL), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, iodoacetamide, phenylisothiocyanate, syringic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Trolox, trifluoroAcetic acid, thiourea, urea, and vanillic acid were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid, dipotassium phosphate, ethanol, hydrochloric acid, hexane, sodium hydroxide, monopotassium phosphate, methanol, and water were obtained from Junsei Chemical (Tokyo, Japan), and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinoprpane) dihydrochloride solution (ABAP) was purchased from Wako Chemicals (Richmond, VA, USA). Pharmalyte (pH 3.5–10) and IPG Dry Strips (pH4–10 NL, 24 cm) were purchased from Amersham Biosciences and from Genomine Inc. (Pohang-si, Korea), respectively. Porcine trypsin was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).
6
Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Assays
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Hesperidin, hesperetin, narirutin, naringenin, DPPH, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, fluorescein sodium salt, N-hippuryl-his-leu hydrate (HHL), lung acetone powder from rabbit, xanthine oxidase from bovine milk, allopurinol, ρ-nitrophenyl-β-D -glucopyranoside (ρ-NPG), acarbose, α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ρ-nitrophenyl butyrate (ρ-NPB), lipase from porcine pancreas, orlistat, and 3-(N-Morpholino)propane sulfonic acid (MOPS) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was purchased from Acros organics (Geel, Belgium) and captopril was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan). Sinensetin, nobiletin, and tangeretin were purchased from Avention (Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Korea). hesperetin-7-O-glucoside and prunin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Acetic acid was purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd (Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) and HPLC grade acetonitrile and methyl alcohol were purchased from Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co., Ltd (Shiheung, Gyeonggi, Korea).
7
Lipid Biosynthesis Enzyme Characterization
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Hydrochloric acid (HCl), fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA), sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG), palmitoyl-CoA, H2O2, β-lapachone, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), iodoacetate (IA) and 1,4-Dithiothreitol (DTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Organic solvents (hexane, isopropanol, heptane, ethanol, and butanol) were obtained from DUKSAN or DAEJUNG (Republic of Korea). Diethyl ether and acetic acid were purchased from Junsei Chemical (Japan). [14C] glycerol, [14C] oleoyl coenzyme A and [14C] glycerol-3-phosphate were obtained from PerkinElmer. The Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus Expression System was purchased from Invitrogen (U.S.A). The detergent NP-40 was obtained from USB (USA). Anti-DGAT1 (Santa Cruz, sc-32861), anti-DGAT2 (Sigma-Aldrich, HPA013351) and anti-Magoh (Santa Cruz, sc-271405) antibodies were used for Western blot analysis.
8
Enzymatic Assays for Biological Activities
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2,2′‐Azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS), casein, hemoglobin, hippuryl‐his‐leu acetate salt (HHL), lung acetone powder from rabbit, mushroom tyrosinase, potassium persulfate, and sodium L‐tartrate were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. 3,4‐Dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (L‐DOPA) was purchased from Acros Organics. Hydrochloric acid (1 M) and sodium hydroxide (1 M) were purchased from Yakuri Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.. Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and acetic acid were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and glycine were purchased from Bio Basic, Inc. Soybean oil was purchased from Ottogi Co., Ltd. All other reagents were of analytical grade.
9
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Assays
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All reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, except indicated. Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased Gibco, NY, USA. Penicillin/streptomycin and trpysin/EDTA were obtained Welgene, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The reagents 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinibis 3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), α-tocopherol, 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, gallic acid, folin and ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and LPS were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid was purchased from Junsei (Tokyo, Japan).
10
Cellulose-Verapamil Hydrochloride Beads
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Cellulose (powder) and verapamil hydrochloride (VRP) were purchased from Fluka and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively. CS (viscosity at 20 °C: 200–220 cP, deacetylation degree: 85.9%) was purchased from YBBio Co., Ltd. (Korea), at which CS was obtained on an industrial scale by the deacetylation of chitin from the red crab. The ILs 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][Ac], above 95%) was purchased from Ionic Liquids Technologies (Germany), and acetic acid (above 99.7%) was obtained from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. All of the other reagents used in this study were also of analytical grade. In addition, the plastic hub needle used to fabricate the CS beads were purchased from Teaha Co., Korea.
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