Quantax 70

The components within the core assembly of a brand new Triple 3 ECIG plastic tank, never exposed to E-liquid, were imaged using a Hitachi TM3000 (Hitachi, High-Technologies Corp, Dallas, TX) tabletop SEM equipped with a Bruker Quantax 70 (Bruker Optics, Billerica, MA) energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The relative amounts of trace elements, as well as other elements with compositions greater than 5%, were determined. The presence of these trace metals on the core assembly were compared to their presence in E-liquid and to what was recovered from the MCE membranes following exposure to ECIG-generated aerosol. All SEM images of the core assembly were observed at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV and are depicted at a magnification of 300X.

The HAp-coated samples were immersed in Hanks’ solution at 37 °C for 14 days to evaluate the corrosion properties. The composition of the Hanks’ solution is described in Table 2. The ratio of surface area to solution volume was 1 cm²: 50 mL. The immersion tests were conducted in triplicate for each sample condition.
The amount of Mg²⁺ ions dissolved in the solution was quantified by a colorimetric method using Xylidyl blue-I [21 ,22 (link)]. In addition, hydrogen gas generated was collected by a burette with a funnel that was placed over the immersed sample. After 14 days of immersion, the immersed samples were retrieved from the solution for the surface characterization by SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) (Quantax 70, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA).

The surface chemistry of pure PLGA nanofibers before and after plasma treatment was analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The changes in three kinds of elements including carbon, oxygen and nitrogen on the fiber surface were evaluated with EDX. The nanofibers were visualized under SEM without any melt coating. EDX analysis was done by Quantax 70 (Bruker, Berlin, Germany) mounted on a SEM.

The solid products of duckweed and azolla pyrolysis, bio-char and ash, were analyzed by EDX using the Hitachi TM-3000 (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan) SEM with Bruker Quantax 70 (Bruker Nano, USA).

To analyze the distribution of the simulated Mars regolith on the quartz disks, electron microscopy images were obtained. Samples were prepared as described above and 10 disks were evaluated with a Hitachi TM3000 Tabletop microscope with an acceleration voltage of 15 kV. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed with the program Quantax70 (Bruker).

The crystallinity of all composite membranes was examined by using an X-ray diffractometer (X’Pert3 Powder, Panalytical, Malvern, UK) with Cu Kα radiation at ambient temperature. The surface of each hollow fiber sample was irradiated with X-rays and the intensities and scattering angles of the X-rays that leave the samples were measured from 2θ values of 5° to 35°. In addition, attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR was used to acquire infrared spectra of the resulting membranes. A total of 50 scans with wavenumbers ranging from 650 to 4000 cm⁻¹ were used to obtain the spectrum of the outer surface of each hollow fiber membrane with a sample size of 1 cm. The morphology of hollow fiber membranes was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) using a Zeiss Supra 55VP (Jena, Germany). The membrane surface was analyzed for elemental composition using a dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), Bruker Quantax 70 (Berlin, Germany), to confirm the presence of Ti in the NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) particle in the coating layer.