Antibiotics, bovine serum albumin, 2-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), FeSO4, ZnSO4, CuSO4, MnCl2 trichloroacetic acid, azocasein, elastin congo-red, hide-remazol brilliant blue R, N-p-Tosyl-Gly-Pro-Lys 4-nitroanilide acetate salt, alginic acid from brown algae and carbazole were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Ammonium metavanadate was purchased from Acros Organics™. Restriction endonucleases and T4 DNA ligase were purchased from New England Biolabs. High fidelity DNA polymerase Expand was obtained from Roche Diagnostics, GmbH (Mannheim, Germany). All other chemicals were purchased from VWR International. The oligonucleotides were synthesized by Primm (Milan, Italy).
Carbazole
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Italy, France
Carbazole is a heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula C₁₂H₉N. It is a white crystalline solid that is used as a versatile building block in the synthesis of various chemical compounds and materials.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Galacturonic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium tetraborate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Glucuronic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetic anhydride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Zenyth 3100, by Anthos Labtec (3 mentions)
Restriction endonuclease, by New England Biolabs (2 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulphuric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glacial acetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
41 protocols using carbazole
1
Enzymatic Activity Assay Protocol
2
Characterization of Antioxidant Compounds
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The compounds 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, carbazole, galacturonic acid, gallic acid, and catechin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Welgene (Gyeongsan, Korea). Ascorbic acid was purchased from Reagent Duksan (Ansan-si, Republic of Korea). HPLC ginsenoside standards were purchased from Ambo Institute (Daejeon, Republic of Korea).
3
Analytical Methods for Marine Polysaccharides
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Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, ethanol, methanol, sodium tetraborate, carbazole, cysteine hydrochloride, ferric chloride, sodium phosphate dibasic, triton™ X-100, and potassium hydroxide were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid and sodium hydroxide were purchased from VWR (VWR International, Radnor, PA, USA). Standards such as Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl), TPTZ (2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine), ascorbic acid, alginic acid, mannitol, and commercial fucoidan (from Fucus vesiculosus), and laminarin (from Laminaria digitata) standards were also purchased from Sigma. Enzyme-based kits for mannitol and glucan assay were purchased from Megazyme International Ltd., (Bray, Ireland). All reagents used were of analytical grade.
4
Analytical Characterization of Carbazole Compounds
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All of the reagents and solvents
used were analytically pure. Carbazole was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
The progress of chemical reactions was monitored by thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) on precoated silica gel GF254 plates. The TLC plates were then
visualized under UV illumination at 254 nm. For further visualization,
the TLC plates were stained with phosphomolybdic acid and charred
on a hot plate. Column chromatography was carried out using silica
gel finer than 200 mesh. The columns were packed in hexane and equilibrated
with appropriate solvent/solvent mixture prior to use. The Fisher–Johns
melting point apparatus was used for measuring the melting points.
Analytical HPLC (SPD-M20A, Shimadzu, Japan) was used for determining
the purity of all compounds (>96%). Infrared (IR) spectra were
recorded
as neat liquids or KBr pellets, and the absorptions are reported in
cm–1. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were
recorded at 400 MHz (Varian, Palo Alto, CA) spectrometers in appropriate
solvents. We used tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard;
the chemical shifts are shown in δ scales. 13C NMR
spectra were recorded on a 100 MHz spectrometer. Multiplicities of 1H NMR signals were designated as s (singlet), d (doublet),
t (triplet), q (quartet), br (broad), m (multiplet, for unresolved
lines), etc. High-resolution mass spectra were recorded using ESI-QTOF
mass spectrometry.
used were analytically pure. Carbazole was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
The progress of chemical reactions was monitored by thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) on precoated silica gel GF254 plates. The TLC plates were then
visualized under UV illumination at 254 nm. For further visualization,
the TLC plates were stained with phosphomolybdic acid and charred
on a hot plate. Column chromatography was carried out using silica
gel finer than 200 mesh. The columns were packed in hexane and equilibrated
with appropriate solvent/solvent mixture prior to use. The Fisher–Johns
melting point apparatus was used for measuring the melting points.
Analytical HPLC (SPD-M20A, Shimadzu, Japan) was used for determining
the purity of all compounds (>96%). Infrared (IR) spectra were
recorded
as neat liquids or KBr pellets, and the absorptions are reported in
cm–1. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were
recorded at 400 MHz (Varian, Palo Alto, CA) spectrometers in appropriate
solvents. We used tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard;
the chemical shifts are shown in δ scales. 13C NMR
spectra were recorded on a 100 MHz spectrometer. Multiplicities of 1H NMR signals were designated as s (singlet), d (doublet),
t (triplet), q (quartet), br (broad), m (multiplet, for unresolved
lines), etc. High-resolution mass spectra were recorded using ESI-QTOF
mass spectrometry.
5
Carbohydrate Composition Analysis Protocol
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Standard human normal pooled plasma, STA-PTT automated reagent, and 0.025 M calcium chloride were purchased from Diagnostica Stago (Asnieres-sur-Seine, France), while sodium bicarbonate, sodium borohydride, gallic acid, carbazole, glucuronic acid, arabinose, galactose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, dextran standards, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and heparin sodium salt were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Missouri, USA). Phenol, acetonitrile, ammonium hydroxide, glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent were purchased from Merck (New Jersey, USA). Concentrated sulphuric acid and glucose were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Massachusetts, UK), and sodium borate de carbohydrate was purchased from Biobasic (Ontario, Canada).
6
Geraniol-Chitosan Nanoparticle Formulation
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Geraniol (98%), carbazole, low molecular weight (LMW) chitosan (CS; deacetylation degree 80%), HPLC-grade methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, and water were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Oleic acid (OA) was from Fluka (Milan, Italy). Male Sprague−Dawley rats were provided by Charles-River (Milan, Italy).
7
Ribose-5-phosphate Biosynthesis Protocol
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D-ribose-5-phosphate disodium salt hydrate, D-ribulose-5-phosphate disodium salt, D-ribose, EDTA, cysteinium chloride, tetracycline, carbazole, sulphuric acid, dNTPs, Tween-20, Tris-base, urea, thiourea, DTT, 2-mercaptoethanol, Triton X-100 and IPTG (isopropyl-β-D- thiogalactopyranoside) were purchased from Sigma. Oligonucleotide primers were obtained from STAB VIDA. Restriction endonucleases were from New England Biolabs. Polyclonal antibodies against LiRPIB and TbRPIB were obtained in rabbits inoculated with purified recombinant His-tagged LiRPIB and TbRPIB, respectively.
8
Characterization of Nitrogen Compounds in Fuels
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Dichloromethane,
hexane, pentadecane (C15), heptadecane (C17), N,N-diethylaniline (DEA, 99%), N,N-dibutylaniline (DBA, 99%), quinoleine (Q, 98%), 1-methylindole
(1MI, 97%), 2,6-diisopropylaniline (DPA, 100%), indole (I, 99%), 3-methylindole
(3MI, 98%), carbazole (C, 95%), 4-ethylpyridine (4EPy, 98%), diethylpropionamide
(DEPA, 99%), aniline (A, 99.5%), nitrobenzene (NBz, 99%), 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene
(DMNBz, 97%), benzonitrile (BZN, 99.9%), caprylonitrilo (HpCN, 99%),
and caprolactame (CAP, 100%) (seeFigure S1 ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The Certified Reference Material
D-4629-91-HB-CON, consisting of a nitrogen solution for high boiling
solvents containing carbazole (998 μg N g–1) in toluene/acetone (9:1), was acquired from AccuStandard. Helium
and the mixture of 0.3% (v/v) O2 in He were obtained from
Air Liquide and Linde AG, respectively. Real samples, diesel and biomass
pyrolysis oil, were provided by TotalEnergies Raffinage Chimie.
hexane, pentadecane (C15), heptadecane (C17), N,N-diethylaniline (DEA, 99%), N,N-dibutylaniline (DBA, 99%), quinoleine (Q, 98%), 1-methylindole
(1MI, 97%), 2,6-diisopropylaniline (DPA, 100%), indole (I, 99%), 3-methylindole
(3MI, 98%), carbazole (C, 95%), 4-ethylpyridine (4EPy, 98%), diethylpropionamide
(DEPA, 99%), aniline (A, 99.5%), nitrobenzene (NBz, 99%), 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene
(DMNBz, 97%), benzonitrile (BZN, 99.9%), caprylonitrilo (HpCN, 99%),
and caprolactame (CAP, 100%) (see
D-4629-91-HB-CON, consisting of a nitrogen solution for high boiling
solvents containing carbazole (998 μg N g–1) in toluene/acetone (9:1), was acquired from AccuStandard. Helium
and the mixture of 0.3% (v/v) O2 in He were obtained from
Air Liquide and Linde AG, respectively. Real samples, diesel and biomass
pyrolysis oil, were provided by TotalEnergies Raffinage Chimie.
9
Biochemical Assays for Natural Compounds
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Hexane, chloroform, ethanol, sodium carbonate, NBT, EDTA, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydrogen peroxide, sulphosalicylic acid, DTNB, KCl, ferric chloride, HCl, TCA, TBA, BHT, naphthylethylene diamine dihydrochloride, sodium nitroprusside, sulphanilic acid, NaOH, H2SO4, para-dimethyl amino-benzaldehyde, n-Propanol, Na2CO3, Borax, carbazole etc. were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich, Merck and Himedia. All the chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade.
10
Enzymatic Characterization of β-Galactosidase
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The enzyme β-galactosidase from B. circulans (Biolacta N-5) was kindly provided by Daiwa Kasei (Osaka, Japan), d -xylose (d -glucose) isomerase was purchased from Hampton Research (Aliso Viejo, CA, USA). Eupergit C and Eupergit C 250 L were a gift from Röhm Pharma (Darmstadt, Germany). O-Nitrophenyl-β-d -galactopyranoside (ONPG), α-lactose, d -galactose, d -tagatose, d -glucose, d -fructose, l -cysteine hydrochloride, and carbazole were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA); bicinchoninic acid (BCA reagent) was from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA); and all other chemicals were of analytical or HPLC grade. The enzymatic kit for glucose determination was from Spinreact S.A. (Girona, Spain). Cheese wheys were kindly supplied by CONAPROLE (Cooperativa Nacional de Productores de Leche, Uruguay).
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