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32 protocols using zm447439

1

Mitotic Inhibitors and Modifiers Protocol

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Nocodazole (100 ng/mL, ≥99%), monastrol (50 μM, ≥98%), MG132 (10 μM, ≥90%), OA (500 nM, ≥92%), Reversine (1 μM, ≥98%), Roscovitine (20 μM, ≥98%), NAM (5 mM, ≥99.5%), and TSA (1 μM, ≥98%) were from Sigma. MG149 (100 μM, >99%) was from Axon. NU9056 (20 μM, >98%), ZM447439 (2 μM, >99%) were from Tocris Bioscience. GSK923295 (50 nM, >99%), BI2536 (100 nM, >99%), VX-680 (500 nM, >99%) was from Selleckchem. The protease inhibitors cocktail was from Sigma.
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2

Mitotic Spindle Inhibitors Screening

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The CENP-E inhibitor GSK-923295 (MedChemExpress LLC # HY-10299) was used at 200 nM. NOC (VWR #80058-500) was used at 100–500 ng/ml. STLC (Tocris #2191) was used at 25 μM. ProTAME (Concept Life Sciences custom synthesis) was used at 25 μM. Okadaic acid (LC Labs O-5857) was used at 200 nM. RO-3306 (Selleck #S7747) was used at 10 μM. AZ3146 (R&D Systems #3994/10) was used at 2μM. BI2536 (Synthesized in-house) was used at 100 nM. MLN8237 (Selleck #S1133) was used at 10–50 nM. ZM447439 (Tocris Bioscience #2458/10) was used at 2 μM. UMK57 (Aobious #AOB8668) was used at 100 nM.
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3

Mouse Oocyte Maturation Assay

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All animal experiments were subjected to ethical review and done under the authorisation B-75-1308, according to current French guidelines. Adult CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice (control, Bub1KD, BubR1−/−, Mps1ΔN) were sacrificed, and ovaries dissected to obtain oocytes at the GV (Germinal Vesicle stage). Only oocytes undergoing GVBD up to 90 min after release were used. Pools of oocytes undergoing GVBD at the same time ( ± 15 min) were used for experiments. The Mps1 inhibitor Reversine (Cayman Chemical Research, 10004412) was added at GVBD at a final concentration of 0.5 μM. MG132 (Sigma-Aldrich, C2211) was added at GVBD + 3h at a final concentration of 20 μM and ZM447439 (Tocris, 2458) at GVBD at a final concentration of 10 μM. Oocytes were cultured in self-made M2 medium without CO2. In vivo matured oocytes were obtained by injecting mice intraperitoneally with 5 UI of pregnant mare’s serum (PMS, Intervet) and 48 h later with 5 UI of human gonadotrophin (Intervet). Metaphase II oocytes surrounded by follicular cells were collected from the oviduct and incubated in M2 medium. Oocytes were separated from the follicular cells by adding hyaluronidase (Sigma-Aldrich, H4272). The zona pellucida was removed by exposing oocytes to low pH of tyrode acid solution29 (link), for both chromosome spread and whole-mount oocyte staining.
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4

Efficient Knockdown and Rescue in Cell Cycle

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For knockdown experiments, siRNAs (see Supplementary Table 1 for sequences and concentrations) were transfected using Hiperfect (Qiagen) or RNAi Max (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to manufacturer’s instructions. After 16 hours of siRNA treatment, cells were arrested in S-phase by addition of thymidine (2 mM; Sigma-Aldrich Cat#T1895). For the rescue experiments, doxycycline (1 μg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich Cat#D9891) was also added at this point to induce the expression of the constructs. In the experiments in which farnesyl transferase activity was inhibited, Lonafarnib (5 μM; Selleckchem Cat#: S2797) was added together with thymidine, and the induction of the constructs with doxycycline was performed 8 hours later. After 24 hours of thymidine addition, cells were released and treated with the indicated drugs [ZM-447439 (2 μM; Tocris Bioscience, Cat#2458); BI-2536 (100 nM; Advanced ChemBlocks Cat#10293); Cpd-5 (250 nM; gift from R.H. Medema); RO-3306 (10 μM; Tocris Bioscience Cat#4181); Nocodazole (3.3 μM; Sigma-Aldrich Cat#M1404); MG-132 (5 mM), Cat#C2211]. Cells were used for experiments between 6-10 hours after thymidine release.
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5

Investigating Spindle Checkpoint Signaling

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HeLa cells were plated in 24 well plates and maintained with DMEM (Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% FBS (Life Technologies). For immunofluorescence, cells were plated on poly-L-lysine (Sigma) coated coverslips at ~10,000 cells per well and arrested with a final concentration of 2 mM thymidine (Sigma) for 15–18 hrs at 60% confluency. Cells were released for 1–2 hrs, switched into OptiMEM media (Life Technologies) and transfected using RNAiMax (Life Technologies) according to manufacturer’s protocols with siRNA INCENP (Thermo Scientific s7423) GCUUGUACCUCAUAUCAGAtt and siRNA BIRC5 (Thermo Scientific s1458) GCAGGUUCCUUAUCUGUCAtt or non-targeting control siRNA (GE Dharmacon D0012100105) at 45 nM per siRNA (90 nM for scramble control). 2 µM final concentration of ZM 447439 (Tocris) was added at the time of transfection. After 12 hrs, MG132 (20 µM, Sigma) was added for 3 hrs. Cells were harvested protein analysis or processed for immunofluorescence.
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6

Cell Line Treatment Conditions

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Growth conditions for the cell lines are described in Supplementary Materials and Methods. Nocodazole (Sigma, M1404), Taxol (Paclitaxel, Sigma, T7191), ZM447439 (Tocris Bioscience, 2458), and MG132 (Sigma, C2211) were used in the experiments at 0.5, 0.1, 5, and 20 μM concentrations, respectively, unless indicated otherwise. Monastrol (Sigma, M8515) was used at 100 μM concentration and staurosporine (Sigma, S5921) at 1 μM concentration.
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7

Synchronized Cell Line Treatment Assay

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Human osteosarcoma U2OS, colorectal carcinoma HCT116 and breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium-high glucose (Gibco), 10% FBS (GemCell) and 100 units/mL penicillin. Chemicals used were as follows: 100 ng/μL Nocodazole (N3000) (US Biological), 150 nM Paclitaxel (Taxol) (P1792A) (US Biological), 3 mM Thymidine (T5290) (Sigma), 100 μM Monastrol (1305) and 2 μM ZM447439 (2458) (TOCRIS). Lipid biosynthesis inhibitors used were as follows: Triascin C (ab141888) (Abcam), TOFA (T6575), C75 (C5490) and Orlistat (O4139) (Sigma). For cell synchronisation, cells were subjected to 24 h of serum starvation (0% FBS) followed by 3 mM thymidine arrest (G1/S arrest). Cells were released from thymidine for 3 h before the addition of fresh media with respective drugs.
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8

Culturing and Transfecting HeLa and RPE1 Cells

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HeLa-Kyoto (K) cells were grown in a humidified incubator at 37°C and 5% CO2 in DMEM (Gibco) containing 10% FCS, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 µg/ml streptomycin supplemented with 0.1 µg/ml puromycin (Invitrogen) for maintenance of the eGFP-CENP-A cell line (Jaqaman et al., 2010 (link)). The HeLa H2B-GFP cell line was maintained in nonselective medium. The hTERT-RPE1 eGFP-CENP-A cell line was maintained in DMEM/F-12 medium containing 10% FCS, 2.3 g/l sodium bicarbonate, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 µg/ml streptomycin. siRNA oligonucleotides (53 nM) were transfected using oligofectamine (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer’s guidelines and analyzed at 48 h. The following sequences were used: control, 5′-GGACCUGGAGGUCUGCUGU-3′; Ska1, 5′-CCGCUUAACCUAUAAUCAA-3′; and MCAK, 5′-GAUCCAACGCAGUAAUGGU-3′. For drug treatments, cells were treated with 2 µM ZM447439 (Tocris Bioscience) for 30 min or 100 nM taxol (Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 h before live-cell imaging.
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9

Prometaphase Arrest Induction Assay

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HeLa cells were treated with 2 mM thymidine for 17 h, released for 7 h followed by treatment with 100 ng ml−1 nocodazole or 100 nM taxol for 15 h for inducing prometaphase arrest. MLN8054 (a gift from S. Gerber, Dartmouth, used at 1 μM to inhibit Aurora A and at 5 μM to inhibit both Aurora A and Aurora B), Aurora A inhibitor I (100nM, Selleckchem), ZM447439 (5μM, Tocris), hesperadin (100nM, Selleckchem), BI2536 (100nM, Selleckchem), flavopiridol (2 μM, Selleckchem), or roscovitine (50 μM, Millipore) were added for 45 mins. The cells were treated with MG132 (10 μM, Millipore) for 30 mins prior to adding the kinase inhibitors.
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10

HeLa and COS-7 Cell Cycle Synchronization

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HeLa and COS-7 cells from the American Type Culture Collection were maintained in advanced Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (Gibco) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Hyclone) and penicillin–streptomycin (100 units/ml and 100 μg/ml, respectively; Gibco) at 37°C with 8% CO2.
For cell cycle synchronization, HeLa cells were first blocked in G1/S with 2.5 mM thymidine (Sigma) for 16 h and then released in fresh culture medium for 8 h to enrich mitotic cells. To inhibit Aurora B kinase activity, cells were treated with the Aurora B inhibitor ZM447439 (2458, TOCRIS) at 5 μM for 45 min after thymidine release.
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