Sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (≥98%), sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate (98%), Brilliant Blue G-250 (ultra pure), dimethyl sulfoxide (≥99%), Fast Blue B salt (approx. 95%), L-glutathione, reduced (≥98%), 1-naphthyl acetate (α NA) (≥98%), 1 chloro 2,-4 dinitrobenzene (CDNB, 98%), and resmethrin (analytical standard, 99.4%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Phosphoric acid (85%), hydrochloric acid (99.7%), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) (99%), and sodium hydroxide (ACS grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Kansas City, MO). Bovine serum albumin (biotechnology grade) and acetone (ACS grade) were purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH). Ethyl alcohol (absolute; ACS/USP grade) was purchased from Pharmco-Aaper (Brookfield, CT).
1 chloro 2 4 dinitrobenzene cdnb
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) is a chemical compound that functions as a laboratory reagent. It is used in various analytical and experimental procedures. No further details on its intended use are provided.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Glutathione (gsh), by Merck Group (9 mentions)
5 5 dithiobis 2 nitrobenzoic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
5 5 dithiobis 2 nitrobenzoic acid dtnb, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Reduced glutathione, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Acetylthiocholine iodide, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Reduced glutathione gsh, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Glutathione reductase, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Reduced gsh, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
L glutathione, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Cumene hydroperoxide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Menadione, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
2 4 dinitrophenylhydrazine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L glutathione reduced gsh, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Nitroblue tetrazolium, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
55 protocols using 1 chloro 2 4 dinitrobenzene cdnb
1
Biochemical Assay Reagent Preparation
2
Pharmacological Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory Effects
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Absolute ethanol was procured from Sigma Chemicals Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Omeprazole was obtained from a local pharmaceutical company. Avidin-biotin Complex (ABC) and primary antibodies, including rat anti-TNF-α (SC-52B83), rat monoclonal anti-p-NFkB (SC-271908) and rat anti-COX-2 (SC-514489), were acquired from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). 3,3-diaminobenzidine peroxidase (DAB), 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid); (DTNB), GSH, and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were acquired from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Secondary antibody was obtained from Abcam (ab-6789, Cambridge, UK), and proteinase K was purchased from MP Bio, USA. H+/K+-ATPase activity assay screening kit (Catalog No: E-BC-K122-S), Rat p-NFkB ELISA kit (Catalog No: E-EL-RO674), and rat TNF-α ELISA kit (Catalog No: E-EL-R0019) were procured from Elabscience Biotechnology (Wuhan, China). Protein assay kit BCA (Catalog No: 23227, Waltham, MA, USA) was also used. All other reagents utilized were of analytical grade.
3
Potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia study
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Potassium oxonate (catalog# 156124), carvacrol (catalog# W224511) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while allopurinol was obtained from Pharmedic Laboratories (Pvt.) Ltd. (Lahore, Pakistan). The primary antibodies TNF-α (SC-52B83) and nuclear factor-kappa B (p-NF-κB) (SC-271908) and other immunohistochemistry-related consumables, including the Elite ABC kit (SC-2018) and 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB; SC-216567), were procured from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The biotinylated secondary antibody (ab-6789) and DPX mounting media were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for rat NLPR3 (CAS# A5652) was purchased from Shanghai MLBIO Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), while the ELISA kit for rat TNF-α (Catalog# E-EL-R0019) was obtained from Elabscience (Houston, TX, USA). The kits for uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were purchased from Beckman Coulter (Brea, CA, USA). All other consumables including formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase, trichloroacetic acid, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), ethanol, xylene, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains were purchased from (Sigma-Aldrich).
4
Biochemical Assays for Enzymatic Activities
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Nipagin, agar, menadione, agarose, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), reduced glutathione (GSH), NADP+, NADPH, glucose-6-phosphate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), xylenol orange, cumene hydroperoxide, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), quercetin, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), Tris-HCl, and 5,5′-dithio-bis (2-nitro) benzoic acid (DTNB), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Germany). Sucrose was purchased from TM Fluka. All other reagents were of the analytical grade from local suppliers (Ukraine).
5
Glutathione S-Transferase Activity Assay
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The sample was prepared the same way as for the ChE assay. For the GST assay, we followed the Mannervik method [32 (link)]. A total of 50 µL of the supernatant (100 mM K-P buffer, pH 8 with 0.1% Triton-X 100 for blank) was transferred into a 96 well microtiter plate with 50 µL of 4 mM 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), prepared in absolute ethanol and 50 µL of 4 mM L-glutathione reduced (GSH) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), prepared in K-P buffer, pH 8. Absorbance values were measured at 340 nm using a spectrophotometer Cytation 3 (BioTek, Bad Friedrichshall, Germany) for 20 cycles (at 1 min intervals, for 20 min). The activity of GST was expressed as nM/min/mg of proteins, therefore also the concentration of proteins was measured in each sample using the same protocol as described for the ChE assay. All measurements were performed at RT in triplicates. The experiment was performed in three repetitions.
6
Antioxidant Enzyme Assays and Markers
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Xanthine, nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), 3,3′-diaminobenzidine, bovine serum albumin, Xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (GSH), trimethoxypropane, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolin-N-oxide (DMPO), hypoXanthine, glutathione reductase (GR), and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), ammonium sulfate, and copper chloride were purchased from JT Baker (Mexico City, Mexico). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formaldehyde, and sodium carbonate were purchased from Mallinckrodt (Paris, KY, USA). Sodium azide was purchased from Merck (Mexico City, Mexico). Trizol reagent, molecular weight markers, agarose, ethidium bromide solution, and synthesized primers (endogenous and antioxidant enzymes) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and the KAPA SYBR FAST qPCR Master Mix kit was purchased from Kappa Biosystems (Kappa Biosystems, London, UK).
7
Glutathione Reductase Activity Assay
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All reagents used were of analytical grade. Reduced glutathione (GSH), 1-chloro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (SD Fine Chem. Ltd., Mumbai), 5,5-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), glutathione reductase, bovine serum albumin (BSA), 3,3’-dithiobis 2-nitrobenzoic acid and 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitro benzene (CDNB) (Sigma, MO, USA), Standard L-Hydroxyproline (Sigma, MO, USA), ethylenediamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), hydrogen peroxide (Merck, Mumbai).
8
Enzymatic Assays for Oxidoreductase Activity
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D-fructose was purchased from PhytoTechnology laboratories, Lenexa KS, The United States. A one-step RT-PCR kit (TransGen EasyScript®) was purchased from TransGen Biotech Co. Ltd (Beijing, China). All other chemicals, unless stated otherwise, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), sulphanilamide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), xylenol, 5.5-dithio bis 2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), bovine serum albumin (BSA), pyrogallol, HEPES, N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany.
9
Enzymatic Activity Measurement Protocol
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The measure kits for measuring SOD, POD and CAT activities were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). 5,5'-Dithiobis-(2-nit-robenzoic acid) (DTNB), acetylthiocholine iodide (ATChI), Catechol, Coomassie brilliant blue G-250, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), 1-Naphthyl acetate (α-NA), 4-nitroanisole (p-NA) and NADPH were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA); glutathione (GSH), Fast Blue RR salt and Bovine serum albumin were purchased from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA).
10
Colocasia esculenta-derived 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride quantification
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AChE, acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI), 5,5-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), reduced glutathione (GSH), pyridostigmine bromide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and Folin’s reagent were procured from Sigma chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), hydrogen peroxide, sodium di-hydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate were procured from Sisco Research Laboratory, Mumbai, India. 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride is isolated and characterised (purity, 96%) from root stock of Colocasia esculenta var esculenta (L.) Schott as reported earlier21 (link).
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AChE, acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCI), 5,5-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), reduced glutathione (GSH), pyridostigmine bromide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and Folin’s reagent were procured from Sigma chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), hydrogen peroxide, sodium di-hydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate were procured from Sisco Research Laboratory, Mumbai, India. 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride is isolated and characterised (purity, 96%) from root stock of Colocasia esculenta var esculenta (L.) Schott as reported earlier21 (link).
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