The samples were firstly sealed with the silicone rubber, only exposing the modified surface (1.77 cm2). The samples were immersed into 20 ml SBF solution at 37 °C for 1 d, 3 d and 7 d, respectively, and the SBF was changed every 2 days. After the immersion, the surface was cleaned by the deionized water, dried in an oven, and then the corrosion morphologies were observed by SEM (FEI Quata 250, USA).
Quata 250
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
The Quata 250 is a versatile laboratory instrument designed for a range of analytical applications. It features high-performance optics and advanced detection capabilities to deliver reliable and accurate results. The core function of the Quata 250 is to provide researchers and scientists with a powerful tool for their analytical needs.
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7 protocols using quata 250
1
Biomaterial Surface Corrosion Analysis
2
Surface Characterization of Mg Biomaterials
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Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR, TENSOR27, Bruker of Germany) was utilized to examine the surface chemical groups. The scanning range was 4000–650 cm−1. Mg and Mg-Hep/BMP2 were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw, UK, RM 2000) to investigate the GO structure on the surface. The surface morphologies and element composition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FEI Quata 250, USA) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, IMA X-Max 20, Britain), respectively. The water contact angle was measured by a DSA25 contact angle meter (Krüss GmbH, Germany) in order to characterize the surface hydrophilicity. Three parallel samples were measured and the values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
3
Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanotubes
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The surface morphologies of the titanium oxide nanotubes were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FEI Quata 250), and the surface element concentrations were detected by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS, IMAX-Max 20, Britain). In order to further observe the cross-sectional morphology, the sample was cut and observed by SEM. The surface chemical structures of the different samples were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR, TENSOR 27, Bruker, Germany). The water contact angles were measured on a DSA25 contact angle measuring instrument (Krüss GmbH, Germany) to characterize the surface wettability. Three parallel samples were measured and the values were averaged.
4
Surface Characterization of Samples
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The surface chemical structures of the samples were characterized by ATR-FTIR (TENSOR27, Bruker of Germany) with a scanning range of 4,000–650 cm−1 at room temperature, and the elemental analysis were performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, Quantum 2000; PHI Co., Chanhassen, MN) with Al Kα source (1486.6 eV). The morphology and surface wettability of the samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FEI, Quata 250, United States) and contact angle meter (KR ü SS GmbH, Germany) at room temperature, respectively. In order to ensure the accuracy of the water contact angle, three parallel samples were measured to calculate the average value.
5
Characterization of Pristine and Modified Surfaces
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The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectrum (ATR-FTIR, TENSOR 27, Bruker of Germany) was done to characterize the chemical structures of the pristine and modified surfaces. The measurement was carried out at room temperature, and the scanning range was 4000 cm−1-650 cm−1. The graphene oxide coating was analyzed by Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw, UK, RM 2000). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FEI Quata 250, USA) was used to observe the surface morphologies, and energy dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS, IMA X-MAX 20, Britain) was carried out to scan the surface to determine the composition of the surface elements.
6
Platelet Adhesion Observation by SEM
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The anticoagulant whole blood of a healthy volunteer was centrifuged 15 min at 1500 r/min to obtain platelet-rich plasma (PRP). 200 μL PRP was fully covered on the surface to incubate 2 h at 37 °C. After washing with PBS, the attached platelets were fixed by 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution at 4 °C. The sample was successively dehydrated with 50, 70, 90, 100% ethanol solutions. After dried and sputtered a gold layer, the platelets were observed by SEM (FEI Quata 250, USA). Ten SEM images with small magnifications (×500) were randomly selected to count the platelets, and the values were averaged and expressed as platelets per unit area.
7
Morphological Examination of Ti3C2Tx Nanofibers
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The morphology of Ti3C2TX and the prepared nanofibers was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI Quata 250, USA). Prior to observation, the specimens were sputtered with a thin layer of gold to avoid charge accumulation.
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