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Propofol 2 6 diisopropylphenol

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a lab equipment product used as a sedative and anesthetic agent. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive odor. Propofol induces and maintains general anesthesia and sedation by modulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor in the brain.

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7 protocols using propofol 2 6 diisopropylphenol

1

Propofol Modulates DENV-Induced Responses

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Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). An antibody against DENV NS1 (Cat# GTX124280) was purchased from GeneTex (San Antonio, TX); antibodies against phospho-STAT1Tyr701 (Cat# 9167; clone 58D6), STAT1 (Cat# 9172), horseradish peroxidase- (HRP-) conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Cat# 7074S), and HRP-conjugated horse anti-mouse IgG (Cat# 7076S) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA); Alexa Flour 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody (Cat# A-11029) and Hoechst 33258 (Cat# H3569) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA); antibody against dsRNA (Cat# 10010200) was purchased from SCICONS; antibody against mouse β-actin (Cat# A5441), 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Cat# D9542), the V-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1; Cat# 19-148), and acridine orange hemi (zinc chloride) salt (Cat# A6014) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). According to the manufacturer's instructions, cell cytotoxicity was assessed using Cytotoxicity Detection Kit assays (Roche Diagnostics, Lewes, UK).
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2

Characterization of SMOF Lipid Emulsion

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The commercially available parenteral lipid emulsion used in this study was SMOFlipid 20 % (hereinafter named “IVLE”, derived from “intravenous lipid emulsion”) supplied in 100 ml glass bottles (Fresenius Kabi AG, Bad Homburg, Germany). The 20 % lipid fraction (w/v) in the IVLE is composed of 30 % soy bean oil, 30 % medium chain triglycerides, 25 % olive oil and 15 % fish oil. Furthermore, the formulation contains 1.2 % egg lecithin, 2.5 % glycerol, 0.02 % α-tocopherol, 0.03 % sodium oleate, (all w/v) water for injection and sodium hydroxide to pH ∼8. Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) with a purity of ≥ 97 % and sodium chloride were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA). All solvents used to make HPLC eluent were HPLC grade. Highly purified medium chain triglycerides, soybean oil and olive oil were acquired from GustavHeess GmbH (Leonberg, Germany) and purified fish oil was kindly provided by Lipoid AG (Steinhausen, Switzerland).
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3

Pharmacological Agents for Cell Studies

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Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) and 2,4-diisopropylphenol were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Glibenclamide was obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), diazoxide from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA), and stromatoxin-1 from Alomone Labs Ltd. (Jerusalem, Israel).
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4

Protective Effects of DMSO and Propofol on Oxidative Stress

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DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and Propofol (2, 6-Diisopropylphenol, 97%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All SDS-PAGE reagents, ECL Western Blotting Substrate and Paraformaldehyde (4%) reagents were from Solarbio company (China). All culture reagent and transfection reagent were from Thermo-Invitrogen (Massachusetts, America). The FoxO1 and FoxO3a siRNAs were designed and provided by Guangzhou Ribibio (China). Experimental kits were as follows: cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) (Japan Tongren), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay kit (Roche), malondialdehyde (MDA) ELISA kit (rat), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) ELISA kit (rat), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) ELISA kit (rat) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) ELISA kit (rat, all from Jonln company, China), Dihydroethidium (DHE) assay Kit, Bisbenzimide Hoechst (Hoechst 33,258), ROS assay kit and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay kit (all from Beyotime company, China). Rabbit antibodies against FoxO1, FoxO3a, β-actin, Bax, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, p62, Beclin1 and HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (CST) while antibodies for Bcl-2, LC3B were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
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5

Electrophysiological Characterization of GABA Modulators

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R-mTFD-MPAB was a gift from Prof. Karol Bruzik, PhD (Dept of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA). It was stored as a 100 mM solution in DMSO and diluted in electrophysiology buffer to 4, 8, or 16 µM for experiments. Alphaxalone was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK), stored as a 10 mM solution in DMSO, and diluted to 1.25, 2.5, or 5 µM in electrophysiology buffer for experiments. Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), stored as a 10 mM solution in DMSO and diluted to 2.5, 5, or 10 µM in electrophysiology buffer for experiments. R-Etomidate was purchased from Hospira, Inc (Lake Forest, IL, USA) as a 2 mg/ml (~8.2 mM) solution in 35% propylene glycol:water and diluted to 1.6, 3.2, or 6.4 µM in electrophysiology buffer for experiments. We have previously shown that DMSO and propylene glycol at the dilutions used here produce no effects on GABAA receptor function 23 (link). Para-cloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt (pCMBS) was purchased from Toronto Chemical Research (Toronto, ON, Canada) and fresh stock solutions in electrophysiology buffer were prepared on the day of use, and kept on ice until final dilution. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), picrotoxin, salts, and buffers were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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6

Propofol Anesthesia in Rainbow Trout

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Diprivan (Pharma Zeneca), the commercial propofol preparation for intravenous injections in humans, was used to anaesthetise rainbow trout. Analytical standards of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) and thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol) were purchased from SigmaAldrich (Poznan, Poland). Acetonitrile, methanol and cyclohexan were of LC-MS grade (Merck, Warsaw, Poland) .
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7

Propofol-mediated Cellular Signaling

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Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) and fluo-3 acetomethoxyester (fluo-3/AM) were purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR). Antibodies directed against phospho-ERK, ERK, phosphor-AKT (ser-473), and AKT were purchased from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA). An anti-p38 antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). All other pharmacologic agents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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