The phenolic and flavonoid compounds in both extracts were determined by HPLC according to the method of Pintha et al. [24 (link)]. Briefly, the solution was filtered through 0.2 μm and then subjected to separation by the ODS-3-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm particle diameter). The 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in methanol and methanol was used as mobile phases A and B, respectively. The gradient was performed as follows: 0–35 min, 90–10% mobile phase A and 10–90% mobile phase B; 35–40 min, 10–90% mobile phase A and 90–10% mobile phase B with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and injection volume of 10 μl. The phenolic and flavonoid absorption peaks were measured by a UV detector with wavelengths at 280 and 320 nm, respectively. Peak area and retention time of the compounds in the extract were compared to phenolic and flavonoid standards including chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, catechin, and quercetin (Sigma-Aldrich, USA); caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, luteolin, rutin, and apigenin (Chengdu biopurify phytochemicals, China); vanillic acid, and ferulic acid (ChromaDex, USA).
Apigenin
Manufactured by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals
Sourced in China
Apigenin is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound extracted from various plant sources. It serves as a purified phytochemical compound for use in laboratory research and analysis.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Luteolin, by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals (2 mentions)
Tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane tris, by Sangon (2 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals (2 mentions)
Catechin, by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Chron Chemicals (2 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals (1 mentions)
Vanillic acid, by ChromaDex (1 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Rosmarinic acid, by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals (1 mentions)
Rutin, by Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals (1 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by ChromaDex (1 mentions)
Rosmarinic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phospho nf κb, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
C jun, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
Nf κb, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
β actin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions)
5 protocols using apigenin
1
HPLC Analysis of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds
2
Anti-Inflammatory Activity Screening
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Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), diammonium 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), Griess reagent, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), rosmarinic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Luteolin and apigenin were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, Sichuan, China). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from GIBCO-BRL, Invitrogen Co. (Grand Island, NY, USA). TNF-α and IL-1β Enzyme Link Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) kits were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). Antibodies specific to COX-2, iNOS, phospho-NF-κB, NF-κB, c-Jun, and β-actin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibody specific to PARP was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
3
Apigenin-Infused Celery Herb Extract Protocol
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The materials used in this study were distilled water (H2O), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), apigenin obtained from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals (Shinchuan, China) (purity 98%), ethylene glycol (C2H6O2), carbon dioxide (CO2), Pulvis Gummi Arabici (PGA), batugin elixir, formaldehyde 10% (CH2O), and ethanol extract (96%) of celery herbs from Ciwidey, Indonesia.
4
Phytochemical Compound Identification Protocol
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Bovine thrombin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). p-Hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, naringenin, apigenin, baicalein, catechin, and epicatechin were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Protocatechuic acid and dihydroquercetin were purchased from Push Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Gallic acid was the product of Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) was obtained from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). HCl and acetone were analytical grade reagents and purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Factory (Chengdu, China).
5
Polyvinylidene Fluoride Fiber-Based Assay
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The polyvinylidene fluoride fiber, MOF-1b, with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm and a pore size of 0.1 μm, was purchased from Tianjin Motianmo Engineering (Tianjin, China). XOD and hypoxanthine were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Allopurinol was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) was purchased from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Dopamine was purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Epicatechin, Epicatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, catechin, apigenin and puerarin were all purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China). HPLC-grade methanol, acetonitrile and formic acid were obtained from Beijing InnoChem Science & Technology (Beijing, China). Water used for all the experiments was purified by a water purification system (ATSelem 1820A, Antesheng Environmental Protection Equipment, Chongqing, China). Unless specified otherwise, all the other chemicals and solvents, such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), were all of analytical grade and purchased from Chengdu Chron Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China).
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