Ethylvinylbenzene

Three textile acid dyes such as C.I. Acid Red 18, C.I. Acid Violet 1 and C.I. Acid Green 16 were purchased from Boruta-Zachem (Zgierz, Poland). Their physicochemical properties are presented in Figure 10. Acid dyes, named for their application under acid conditions, are reasonably easy to apply, have a wide range of colors and, depending on dye selection, can have good color fastness properties. They are widely applied for wool, silk and nylon dyeing.
Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), polyvinyl alcohol (APV, MW = 72,000, 98% degree of hydrolysis), decan-1-ol and triethylenetetramine (TETA) were purchased from Fluka AG (Munich, Germany).
α,α’-azoisobisbutyronitrile and divinylbenzene (62.2% of 1,4-divinylbenzene, 0.2% of 1,2-divinylbenzene and ethylvinylbenzene) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetone, toluene, methanol, acetic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (Lublin, Poland). Purified water came from Millipore (UMCS, Lublin, Poland).

We purified 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC, 90%, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), styrene (STY, Sigma Aldrich) and divinylbenzene (DVB, 80%, composed of 80% of divinylbenzene and 20% of ethylvinylbenzene, Sigma Aldrich) by passing them through a layer of aluminium oxide (Fischer Chemical, Guangzhou, China) to remove the inhibitors. Sorbitan monooleate (Span 80, Sigma Aldrich), α,α’-azo-bisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland), acetone (Sigma Aldrich), methanol (Sigma Aldrich), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE, 99,5%, Sigma Aldrich), nitric acid (HNO₃, 63%, Carlo Erba, Sabadell, Spain), calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl₂·6H₂O, Sigma Aldrich) were used as received.