D limonene

Manufactured by Fujifilm

Sourced in Japan

D-limonene is a naturally occurring organic compound extracted from citrus fruits. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a strong citrus odor. D-limonene is used as a solvent and cleaning agent in various laboratory applications.

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Limonene (2 citations)

4 protocols using d limonene

Odor Molecules in Sensory Research

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The
odor molecules utilized in this work
were d-limonene ((R)-(+)-limonene, Fujifilm
Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan, purity > 95.0%), l-limonene
((S)-(-)-limonene, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Co.,
Ltd., Japan, purity > 98.0%), methyl salicylate (Tokyo Chemical
Industry
Co., Ltd., Japan, purity > 99.0%), (-)-menthol (l-menthol,
(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthol,
Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan, purity > 99.0%), and
ethyl
propionate (Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan, purity >97.0%).

Yamazaki Y., Hitomi T., Homma C., Rungreungthanapol T., Tanaka M., Yamada K., Hamasaki H., Sugizaki Y., Isobayashi A., Tomizawa H., Okochi M, & Hayamizu Y. (2024). Enantioselective Detection of Gaseous Odorants with Peptide–Graphene Sensors Operating in Humid Environments. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 16(15), 18564-18573.

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Development of D-Limonene-Based Emulsions

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D-limonene (LM), soybean oil (SB), caprylic acid (CP) and polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and sodium azide were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan). The current study prepared all the solutions and emulsions with water purified by an Ultrapure Water System (Arium^® Comfort II, Sartorius Co., Göttingen, Germany). In addition, all the chemicals used in this study were analytically graded and applied accordingly throughout experimentation.

Sohan M.S., Elshamy S., Lara-Valderrama G., Changwatchai T., Khadizatul K., Kobayashi I., Nakajima M, & Neves M.A. (2023). Encapsulation of D-Limonene into O/W Nanoemulsions for Enhanced Stability. Polymers, 15(2), 471.

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Extraction and Analysis of AOMORI-BLUE Extract

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We used our original extract, named ‘AOMORI-BLUE extract’, which has been patented in Japan (Japanese Patent no. 6389492). Powdered, air-dried leaves (100 g) were extracted with 1,200 ml of d-limonene (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at room temperature for 48 h. After filtration, a pale-yellow extract was obtained, and the extract was subjected to HPLC. To analyze the composition, the extract was dissolved in ethanol (5.0 mg/ml) and passed over a COSMOSIL 5PE-MS column (i.d. 4.6x250 mm; Nacalai Tesque) (mobile phase 40% CH₃CN; flow rate, 1.0 ml/min; detection 254 nm; temperature 25˚C). Data were collected with a SIC Chromatocorder12 (System Instruments Co., Ltd.). A tryptanthrin standard was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan. All other reagents were purchased from Fujifilm-Wako Pure Chemicals, Co. In the present study, indigo extract was diluted 10-fold in ethanol (stock solution). d-limonene was also diluted 10-fold in ethanol as a control stock solution. For reference, indigo leaves were extracted with ethanol (99.5%) according to the same procedures.

Hagiyama M., Takeuchi F., Sugano A., Yoneshige A., Inoue T., Wada A., Kajiyama H., Takaoka Y., Sasaki K, & Ito A. (2022). Indigo plant leaf extract inhibits the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 23(4), 274.

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Analytical Procedure for Pharmaceuticals

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Indomethacin (IDM), flufenamic acid (FFA), sodium chloride, orthophosphoric acid, D-limonene, β-pinene, formic acid, m ethanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, chloroform, dichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride (LC-MS grade solvents) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). Nimesulide (NSL) was obtained from TCI (Tokyo, Japan) while, phenylbutazone (PBZ) was obtained from Cayman chemical company. p-Cymene was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Steinem, Germany).

El-Deen A.K, & Shimizu K. (2019). Application of D-Limonene as a Bio-based Solvent in Low Density-Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction of Acidic Drugs from Aqueous Samples. Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry, 35(12).

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