Highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) cells were stimulated using 0.1 % BSA, 100 nM PMA, or 1 μM each α-Syn peptide and then lysed in a hypotonic lysis buffer (1 mM Tris, 1 mM KCl, 1 mM EGTA, 1 mM EDTA, and 0.1 mM DTT) supplemented with 10 mg/ml of the
protease inhibitor mixture (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA) and 1 mM
PMSF (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA). After dounce homogenization (20–25 St, tight pestle A), the cell lysates were centrifuged at 1600×
g for 15 min, and the supernatants were further centrifuged at 40,000×
g for 2 h. The high-speed centrifugation supernatants, which contain the cytosolic fraction, were then harvested. Meanwhile, the plasma membrane fragments were collected by dissolving the pellets in 1 % nonidet P-40 hypotonic lysis buffer. Proteins in both the high-speed supernatants and the re-suspended pellets were separated by running SDS/PAGE gels and were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, followed by immune-blotting using anti-p47
phox, anti-p67
phox, and anti-gp91
phox Abs (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA). The relative amount of each protein was quantified using the
Quantity One program (Bio-Rad, Redmond, WA). The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in whole-cell lysates were immunoblotted by an Ab (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA) as a loading control [21 (
link)].
Wang S., Chu C.H., Guo M., Jiang L., Nie H., Zhang W., Wilson B., Yang L., Stewart T., Hong J.S, & Zhang J. (2016). Identification of a specific α-synuclein peptide (α-Syn 29-40) capable of eliciting microglial superoxide production to damage dopaminergic neurons. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 13, 158.