3 4 5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl 2 5 diphenyl 2h tetrazolium bromide mtt

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, China, United Kingdom, Poland, Italy, Switzerland, Japan

3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) is a chemical compound used in various cell biology applications. It is a yellow tetrazolium salt that can be reduced to a purple formazan product by metabolically active cells. The core function of MTT is to serve as a colorimetric assay for assessing cell viability and proliferation.

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Lab products found in correlation

214 protocols using 3 4 5 dimethyl 2 thiazolyl 2 5 diphenyl 2h tetrazolium bromide mtt

SKBR3 and CHO Cell Transfection

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The SKBR3 and CHO cell lines were obtained from the National Cell Bank of Iran (Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran), DTX from AQVida^® (Hamburg, Germany), and human IGF-1Rα/β siRNA (sc-29358) and scrambled siRNA (sc-37007) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology^® (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The MUC1-specific DNA Apt (5’-Amino-C6-GGG AGA CAA GAA TAA ACG CTC AAG AAG TGA AAA TGA CAG AAC ACA ACA TTC GAC AGG AGG CTC ACA ACA GGC-3’) was purchased from TAG A/S^® (Copenhagen, Denmark). 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), membrane dialysis bag (12 kDa cut-off), and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were procured from Merck^® (Hohenbrunn, Germany). RPMI-1640, Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco^® (Gibco, Canada), green fluorescence protein (GFP)-containing plasmid (pEGFP-N1 vector) from Clontech Laboratories^® (CA, USA), and RNX-Plus from Sinaclon (Tehran, Iran). All other reagents were of analytical grade.

Jafari R., Zolbanin N.M., Majidi J., Atyabi F., Yousefi M., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Aghebati-Maleki L., Shanehbandi D., Zangbar M.S, & Rafatpanah H. (2019). Anti-Mucin1 Aptamer-Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles for Targeted Co-Delivery of Docetaxel and IGF-1R siRNA to SKBR3 Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells. Iranian Biomedical Journal, 23(1), 21-33.

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Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

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6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydrochromene-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox, cat. number 238813), DMSO (cat. number 472301), formic acid (cat. number 00940), ammonium acetate (cat. number 238074), Sephadex™ LH-20 (cat. number GE17-0090), bradykinin acetate (cat. number B3259), tannic acid (cat. number 403040), Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (cat. number 47641), sodium carbonate (cat. number 223530), gallic acid (cat. number G7384), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein (cat. number 410217), sodium phosphate dibasic (cat. number S9763), sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (cat. number S9638), 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (ABAP, cat. number 440914), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS, cat. number A1888), potassium persulfate (cat. number 216224), sodium acetate (cat. number 241245), acetic acid (cat. number 695092), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, cat. number D9132), 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT, cat. number M2128), IL-1 α (cat. number SRP3310) and LC–MS grade solvents were purchased from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. The peptide LVNEVTEF was custom synthesized by Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). LC-grade H₂O (18 MΩ cm) was prepared with a Milli-Q H₂O purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Baron G., Altomare A., Mol M., Garcia J.L., Correa C., Raucci A., Mancinelli L., Mazzotta S., Fumagalli L., Trunfio G., Tucci L., Lombardo E., Malara D., Janda E., Mollace V., Carini M., Bombardelli E, & Aldini G. (2021). Analytical Profile and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Enriched Polyphenol Fractions Isolated from Bergamot Fruit and Leave. Antioxidants, 10(2), 141.

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Evaluating Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential

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Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, gallic acid, sodium carbonate, formic acid (HPLC), acetonitrile (HPLC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), (R)-(+)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), silver nitrate (AgNO₃), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium/Dulbecco’s Minimum Essential Media (DMEM) and penicillin-streptomycin solution were purchased from Biological Industries Israel Beit Haemek Ltd. (Beit Haemek, Israel). Mueller-Hinton broth was supplied by Oxoid (Basingstoke, UK). Fetal bovine serum and trypsin/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution were provided by Biochrom (Berlin, Germany). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. Ultra-pure water was obtained from SG Water Ultra Clear TWF water purification system (Barsbüttel, Germany).

Macovei I., Luca S.V., Skalicka-Woźniak K., Horhogea C.E., Rimbu C.M., Sacarescu L., Vochita G., Gherghel D., Ivanescu B.L., Panainte A.D., Nechita C., Corciova A, & Miron A. (2023). Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris Bark Extracts: Characterization, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antibacterial Effects. Antioxidants, 12(4), 797.

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Cytotoxicity Assay of Iron Compounds

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Ferric chloride, hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O ≥ 99%), and ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂·4H₂O ≥ 99%), strong Ammonium hydroxide solution (99%) 25% (v/v), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (≥99.8%) were purchased from Merck (Merck, Germany). SkBr3 and MCF 10A cell lines were acquired from ATCC (Manassa, CO, USA). DMEM medium and other factors were obtained from Gibco (Gibco, UK).

Al-Musawi S., Albukhaty S., Al-Karagoly H, & Almalki F. (2020). Design and Synthesis of Multi-Functional Superparamagnetic Core-Gold Shell Nanoparticles Coated with Chitosan and Folate for Targeted Antitumor Therapy. Nanomaterials, 11(1), 32.

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Characterization of Lipid-based Nanoparticles

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L-α-phosphatidylcholine (Soy) (Avanti Polar Lipids Inc., Alabaster, AL, USA) was used in this study without further purification. DS was purchased from Sichuan Weikeqi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Sichuan, China) with purity ≥ 98%, whereas the quantitative analytes were obtained from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). Hepes was purchased from Meryer Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Methanol and Acetonitrile were purchased from Fisher Scientific. DiR was purchased from Beijing Zhongsheng Ruitai Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was used in all the experiments. All the vials were washed and sterilized carefully. We obtained 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) from Merck (Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany).

Liu X., Wang S., Wu Z., Wang Z., Zheng Q, & Li D. (2018). Deoxyschizandrin Loaded Liposomes on the Suppression Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 23(9), 2158.

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Characterization of Spirulina Polysaccharide Extract

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The PSP (polysaccharide content of 71.65%) produced by the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Jinan University (Guangzhou, China) was a spirulina lye extract product, and the monosaccharide composition was as follows: Glucose (21.3±1.4%), rhamnose (43.6±2.7%), xylose (2.4±0.6%), galactose (1.3±0.2%) and arabinose (1.1±0.1%). Other reagents included indocyanine green (MedChem Express, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMB Sigma; EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA), Span 80 (Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China), Tween-80 (Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd.), injection-grade soybean oil (Emerging Tieling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tieling, China), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT; Sigma; EMD Millipore), RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific. Inc.) Sudan Red III, methylene blue, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, iron sulfate, isopropanol, n-butanol, n-octanol and polyethylene glycol 400 (Tianjin Daming Chemical Reagent Factory, Tianjin, China).

Wang B., Cai T., Liu Q., Whitney J.C., Du M., Ma Q., Zhang R., Yang L., Cole S.P, & Cai Y. (2018). Preparation and evaluation of spirulina polysaccharide nanoemulsions. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 42(3), 1273-1282.

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Apoptosis Pathway Evaluation Protocol

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CA (CA;
≥98%) was purchased from ChemFaces
(Wuhan, China). Ham’s F12 complete media, trypsin, fetal bovine
serum, penicillin, and streptomycin were supplied by Gibco (MA, USA).
3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT;
≥98%) was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO; ≥99.9%) was purchased from RCI Labscan Limited,
Bangkok, Thailand. Rabbit anti-Bax polyclonal antibody and rabbit
anti-Bcl-2 polyclonal antibody were purchased from Proteintech (IL,
USA). Rabbit anti-cytochrome c monoclonal antibody
was obtained from Cell Signaling, MA, USA.

Jedram O., Maphanao P., Karnchanapandh K., Mahalapbutr P., Thanan R, & Sakonsinsiri C. (2023). Corosolic Acid Induced Apoptosis via Upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio and Caspase-3 Activation in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells. ACS Omega, 9(1), 1278-1286.

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Mangiferin Extraction and Characterization

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Mangiferin (MGF) was purified and characterized from the aqueous extract of the stem bark and leaves of Mangifera indica L to 95,5% purity at the Departments of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Food and Pharmacy, Havana University and Department of Analytical Chemistry of Center of Drugs Research and Development, CIDEM (Núñez Sellés et al., 2002 (link); García-Rivera et al., 2011 (link); Gil et al., 2014 (link)). Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), CDDP) was purchased from Shandong Boyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, China. The culture medium RPMI-1640, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), fetal bovine serum, penicillin-streptomycin (100x), L-Glutamine, trypsin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), reduced Matrigel (196 USP unit/ mg) and set of Drabkin reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (Saint Louis, MO, United States). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2-propanol, ethanol, hydrochloric acid (HCl), formaldehyde and acetic acid were obtained from Merck KGaA (Germany). Solutions of test compounds were routinely prepared in DMSO or MilliQ water and sterilized using syringe-driven 0.22 µm filters. The final concentration of DMSO in culture medium did never exceed 0.5%.

Rodriguez-Gonzalez J.C., Hernández-Balmaseda I., Declerck K., Pérez-Novo C., Logie E., Theys C., Jakubek P., Quiñones-Maza O.L., Dantas-Cassali G., Carlos dos Reis D., Van Camp G., Lopes Paz M.T., Rodeiro-Guerra I., Delgado-Hernández R, & Vanden Berghe W. (2021). Antiproliferative, Antiangiogenic, and Antimetastatic Therapy Response by Mangiferin in a Syngeneic Immunocompetent Colorectal Cancer Mouse Model Involves Changes in Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 670167.

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Chitosan-Based Delivery System for Cinnamaldehyde

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Chitosan (CS, MW:3,000 Da; Deacetylation degree >90%) was purchased from Bomei Biotech Co., Ltd. (Hefei, China). N-(3-dimethylaminopropy)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), Cinnamaldehyde (CA), Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and lactobionic acid (LA) were obtained from Mackin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was purchased from Meilun Biotechnology Company (Dalian, China). 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Sigma Chemical Co.,. Ltd. Human liver carcinoma (HepG2) and reactive oxygen detection kit (DCFH-DA) were purchased from KeyGEN BioTECH (Nanjing, China).

Zhou Z., Wang C., Bai J., Zeng Z., Yang X., Wei B, & Yang Z. (2022). Cinnamaldehyde-modified chitosan hybrid nanoparticles for DOX delivering to produce synergistic anti-tumor effects. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10, 968065.

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Screening of Compound Libraries

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Samples for screening were obtained from the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute pure compound and enriched fraction libraries [43 (link)]. Stock solutions of samples were at a concentration of 1 mg/mL in methanol or ethanol. Methanol and ethanol used in the experiments were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). The 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) used for cell viability assays was purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Matrigel was purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA).

Guzmán E.A., Pitts T.P., Winder P.L, & Wright A.E. (2021). The Marine Natural Product Furospinulosin 1 Induces Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Spheroids, But Not in Cells Grown Traditionally with Longer Treatment. Marine Drugs, 19(5), 249.

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