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Random primers

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Random primers are short, single-stranded DNA sequences that are used as starting points for DNA synthesis in various molecular biology techniques. They are designed to bind to multiple, random locations on a target DNA molecule, allowing for the amplification of unknown or unspecified DNA sequences.

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8 protocols using random primers

1

qPCR Analysis of CTGF Expression

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RNA was extracted using trizol/chloroform isolation followed by Ambion mirVana kit (AM1560). Total RNA was reverse-transcribed using random primers (Amersham Biosciences), and β-actin primers were used to control for cDNA concentration in a separate PCR reactions for each sample. LightCycler Fast Start DNA Master SYBR Green Mix (Roche) was added to each PCR reaction along with cDNA and 1 pmol primer in a total volume of 10 µl. qPCR was performed on a eppendorf realplex2 mastercycler using the real-time primers provided, according to instructions. Ct values were converted to fold expression changes (2−ΔΔCt values) following normalization to β-actin. Primer sequences are listed below.
GeneSequence

CTGFF 5’-GTGAGTCCTTCCAAAGCAGC-3’
R 5’-TAGTTGGGTCTGGGCCAAAT-3’

β-actinF 5’-GTGGGCCGCCCTAGGCACCA-3’
R 5’-CGGTTGGCCTTAGGGTTCAGGG-3’
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2

Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis of GIST Cell Lines

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RNA samples from untreated GIST882 and GIST48 cells were used. Total RNA was extracted using RNeasy MiniKit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Genomic DNA was removed using the RNase- Free DNase set (Qiagen). RNA was reverse transcribed with 200 units of M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen, Eugene, Oregon, USA) in a reaction containing 1μg of random primers (Amersham Bioscience, Piscataway, NJ, USA), 0.01M each dNTP, 1x First-Strand buffer and 0.1M dithiothreitol followed by heat deactivation. The cDNA reverse transcription product was amplified with specific primers (Supplementary Table 2) by qPCR using SYBR Green chemistry on a 7500 Real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Identical thermal profile conditions, namely 95°C for 10min, then 40 cycles of 95°C for 15sec and 60°C for 1min were used for all primer sets. Emitted fluorescence was measured during annealing/ extension phase and amplification plots were generated using the Sequence Detection System. Transcriptional quantification relative to GAPDH and β-actin reference genes was performed using qBase+ software (Biogazelle, Zwijnaarde, Belgium). List of primers used is given in Supplementary Table 3.
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3

RNA Expression Analysis in Mouse Models

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A minimum of three different RNA samples from P10 WT, KitK641E/K641E and Spry4 KO mice antrum were used. Total RNA was extracted using RNeasy MiniKit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Genomic DNA was removed using the RNase-Free DNase set (Qiagen). RNA was reverse transcribed with 200 units of M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen, Eugene, Oregon, USA) in a reaction containing 1μg of random primers (Amersham Bioscience, Piscataway, NJ, USA), 10mM each dNTP, 1x First-Strand buffer and 100mM dithiothreitol followed by heat deactivation. The cDNA reverse transcription product was amplified with specific primers (Table 2) by qPCR using SYBR Green chemistry on a 7500 Real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Identical thermal profile conditions, namely 95°C for 10min, then 40 cycles of 95°C for 15sec and 60°C for 1min were used for all primer sets. Emitted fluorescence was measured during annealing/extension phase and amplification plots were generated using the Sequence Detection System. Transcriptional quantification relative to GAPDH and β-actin reference genes was performed using qBase+ software (Biogazelle, Zwijnaarde, Belgium).
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4

Quantification of Gene Expression Changes in GIST882 Cells

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A minimum of five different RNA samples from GIST882 non-treated, treated 24h with 1 μM STI-571 and 48h 1μM STI-571 were used. Total RNA was extracted using RNeasy MiniKit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Genomic DNA was removed using the RNase- Free DNase set (Qiagen). RNA was reverse transcribed with 200 units of M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen, Eugene, Oregon, USA) in a reaction containing 1μg of random primers (Amersham Bioscience, Piscataway, NJ, USA), 0.01M each dNTP, 1x First-Strand buffer and 0.1M dithiothreitol followed by heat deactivation. The cDNA reverse transcription product was amplified with specific primers (Supplementary Table 2) by qPCR using SYBR Green chemistry on a 7500 Real-time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Identical thermal profile conditions, namely 95°C for 10min, then 40 cycles of 95°C for 15sec and 60°C for 1min were used for all primer sets. Emitted fluorescence was measured during annealing/ extension phase and amplification plots were generated using the Sequence Detection System. Transcriptional quantification relative to GAPDH and β-actin reference genes was performed using qBase+ software (Biogazelle, Zwijnaarde, Belgium). Primers used are listed in Supplementary Table 3.
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5

qPCR Analysis of CTGF Expression

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RNA was extracted using trizol/chloroform isolation followed by Ambion mirVana kit (AM1560). Total RNA was reverse-transcribed using random primers (Amersham Biosciences), and β-actin primers were used to control for cDNA concentration in a separate PCR reactions for each sample. LightCycler Fast Start DNA Master SYBR Green Mix (Roche) was added to each PCR reaction along with cDNA and 1 pmol primer in a total volume of 10 µl. qPCR was performed on a eppendorf realplex2 mastercycler using the real-time primers provided, according to instructions. Ct values were converted to fold expression changes (2−ΔΔCt values) following normalization to β-actin. Primer sequences are listed below.
GeneSequence

CTGFF 5’-GTGAGTCCTTCCAAAGCAGC-3’
R 5’-TAGTTGGGTCTGGGCCAAAT-3’

β-actinF 5’-GTGGGCCGCCCTAGGCACCA-3’
R 5’-CGGTTGGCCTTAGGGTTCAGGG-3’
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6

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis

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Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on genes of interest that were up-regulated via microarray analysis. Total RNA was reverse transcribed using random primers (Amersham Biosciences, Little Chalfont, UK), with GAPDH primers used to control for cDNA concentration in separate PCR reactions for each sample. Primers for GADPH, ADAMTS1, LOXL4, BMP2, SMAD7, ITGA2, and TRPV4 were designed using Primer3 and are shown in Supplemental Table 5. To each PCR reaction (triplicates), LightCycler Fast Start DNA Master SYBR Green Mix (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) was added, along with cDNA and 1pmol primer in a total reaction volume of 10μl. Ct values were converted to fold expression changes (2–ΔΔCt values) after normalization to GAPDH expression levels.
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7

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis

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Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on genes of interest that were up-regulated via microarray analysis. Total RNA was reverse transcribed using random primers (Amersham Biosciences, Little Chalfont, UK), with GAPDH primers used to control for cDNA concentration in separate PCR reactions for each sample. Primers for GADPH, ADAMTS1, LOXL4, BMP2, SMAD7, ITGA2, and TRPV4 were designed using Primer3 and are shown in Supplemental Table 5. To each PCR reaction (triplicates), LightCycler Fast Start DNA Master SYBR Green Mix (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) was added, along with cDNA and 1pmol primer in a total reaction volume of 10μl. Ct values were converted to fold expression changes (2–ΔΔCt values) after normalization to GAPDH expression levels.
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8

Quantifying Arabidopsis Antioxidant Enzyme Expression

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Total RNA was isolated from Arabidopsis cells using the RNeasy plant minikit (QUIAGEN S.p.A., Milan, Italy) according to the supplier’s recommendations. Residual DNA was removed from the RNA samples using a DNA-free kit (AMBION, Inc., Austin, TX, USA). Synthesis of cDNA was performed from 2 μg total RNA with 10 μM random primers (AMERSHAM Biosciences Europe GMBH, Milan, Italy), utilizing an Omniscript Reverse Transcriptase kit (QUIAGEN S.p.A., Milan, Italy) according to the supplier’s recommendations. PCR reactions were performed with specific primers for APX1 (X59600, 5′-GGACGATGCCACAAGGATAG-3′ and 5′-GGTTGCGATTTGAACACAT-3′); APX2 (X98275, 5′-ATTGCCGTTAGGCTTCTTGA-3′ and 5′-TACCAACCGACAAGGCTCTT-3′); APX6 (AV555486, 5′-CTGCTGGTGTGCTTCGTTTA-3′ and 5′-TTGAAAAACCATGGACGTCA-3′) and 18S rRNA (AJ236016, 5′-CATGATAACTCGACGGATCG-3′ and 5′-GAAGGCCAACGTAATAGGAC-3′). 18S rRNA was used as an internal control in order to normalize each sample for variations in the amount of initial RNA. For semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the cycle number in the linear range was empirically determined. These were analyzed on 1.5% agarose gel containing 0.5 μg mL-1 ethidium bromide.
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