Mc 780ma p

On arrival at the laboratory for the first visit, anthropometric characteristics were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (Tanita, MC-780 MAP, France), and femoral artery occlusion pressure of the lower limbs was measured. For this purpose, automated cuffs (11 × 85 cm cuff size, 10 × 41 cm bladder size, SC10D Rapid Version Cuff, D. E. Hokanson, Inc., Bellevue, WA, USA) were placed on the most proximal region of the lower limbs [38 (link)]. Artery pressure was measured at seated rest on a chair by gradually increasing the occlusion pressure until a point when no blood flow was observed in the femoral artery using a linear Doppler ultrasound probe (L12-5L60N) with Echo Wave II 3.4.4 software (Telemed Medical Systems, Lithuania, Telemed Ltd., Milan, Italy). These measurements were performed two or three times to make sure there was no variation and for accuracy, with 2 min between trials. The highest-pressure value obtained was used to determine the 45% of femoral artery occlusion pressure applied for BFRG and BFRrG during the exercise sessions.

To minimize any possible interactions between the sensory ratings and anthropometric measures, participants revisited the laboratory for a separate early morning session (08:30–10:30) for anthropometry; this visit was scheduled between two days and two weeks after the taste test. Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a stadiometer and weight to the nearest 0.1 kg using a calibrated body composition analyzer (MC-780MA P, TANITA, Tokyo, Japan). Standardized procedures were followed, including wearing light clothing and no shoes [38 ].

Heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) peripheral oxygen saturations (SpO₂) were measured with the participants lying at rest for 5 min (GE Carescape V100, UK). MAP was calculated from the SBP and DBP and corrected for HR [DBP + 0.33 + (HR × 0.0012) x (SBP-DBP)] (Razminia et al. 2004 (link)). Tympanic temperature was measured (Braun Thermoscan 3020, Kronberg, Germany) and height was recorded barefooted using a stadiometer. In the COLLAPSE group, a core (rectal) temperature measurement was taken. CO was calculated by multiplying the SV (VTI x LVOT cross-sectional area) by the HR. The cardiac index (CI) was calculated by dividing the CO by the body surface area (BSA) (Mosteller). The SVR was calculated by 80x (MAP-CVP)/CO with the SVR index (SVRI) calculated by 80x (MAP-CVP/CI). For the purposes of the study, the TTE estimate RAP was considered analogous to central venous pressure. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance (Tanita, MC-780MA P) also barefooted with minimal clothing with WBMM recorded as absolutes and as a proportion (%).

The body weights (0.1 kg precision) and heights (0.1 cm precision) of the participants were measured with them wearing light clothing and no shoes. A digital weighing scale, TANITA MC-780MA P (TANITA Corporation, Arlington Heights, IL, USA), and a SECA^R portable stadiometer 213 (SECA, Hamburg, Germany) were used to carry out the measurements.
The waist and hip circumferences were measured using a flexible measuring tape (measurement precision, 0.1 cm). All the measurements were performed twice, and the mean values were calculated for data analysis.
The body mass index was calculated as weight/height squared (kg/m²), and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), as the ratio of the waist to hip circumference. We also examined the body fat percentage (%) and visceral fat area (cm²). BMI was interpreted according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The BMI cut-off point for overweight was defined as ≥ 24 kg/m², while obesity was defined as a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² [13 ]. We also examined capillary cholesterol, glucose, and TG concentrations with the Accutrend^® Plus using two drops of blood (15–40 μL) collected from different fingers, by using a lancing device (Accuchek^® Softclix^® Pro, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany).

Height will be measured using a stadiometer. Weight and body fat % will be measured using the TANITA MC-780MA P segmental body composition analyser (Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). This device provides a reliable and valid estimate of body fat % using bio-electrical impedance analysis [49 (link)]. Participants will wear lightweight clothing and remove shoes and socks for this measurement. Body mass index will be calculated as weight (kg)/height² (cm). Waist circumference will be measured using an adjustable tape measure (Seca 201, Seca Ltd, Birmingham, UK) to the nearest 0.1 cm at the level of the umbilicus at the end of gentle expiration. Blood pressure will be measured on the right arm in a seated position using an Omron M5-I automatic monitoring device (Omron Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). After 5 min of rest, the first reading will be taken followed by two further readings with a 2-min rest between each. The average of the lowest two recordings will be used for analysis. COVID-19 contingency: Participants will be asked to measure their waist circumference following standard protocols during a video call with a researcher. They will be provided with a Seca 201 tape measure and receive verbal guidance on how to take the measurement. Body fat %, height and weight measurements will not be taken.

Anthropometric data included height, weight and body mass index (BMI), the latter recorded using the Tanita MC-780MA P (Tanita Europe BV, Netherlands). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded as the average of three using an Omron M2 Upper Arm Blood Pressure Monitor (OMRON Healthcare Europe BV, United Kingdom). An overnight fasting blood sample of approximately 9 ml was taken into a serum-separating tube (Greiner Bio-One, Gloucestershire, United Kingdom) for the analysis of blood lipid and glucose concentrations. Serum-separating tubes were kept upright at room temperature for 30 min (and no more than 60 min) before centrifuging at 1,700 xg for 15 min at room temperature. The plasma (160 μl) was collected and analyzed by iLab (iLab 600 Clinical Chemistry System, Diamond Diagnostics, United States) for triacylglycerol (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose concentrations using standard reagent kits (Werfen Limited, Warrington, United Kingdom).