α methylstyrene

Styrene (>99%) and all the para-substituted styrene derivatives (4-methylstyrene, 4-fluorostyrene), α-methylstyrene, Palladium (II) chloride (99%) and α,α’-dibromo-p-xylene were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)−1,3,5-triazine was purchased from TCI Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. Solvents (dichloromethane, chloroform, dimethylformamide, methanol, acetone, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether) were purchased from SD Fine Chemicals. Analytical reagent (AR) grade solvents were used for chemical reactions and HPLC grade solvents were used for spectroscopic measurements. Other chemical reagents like hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate etc. were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Heavy water (D₂O; 99.9 atom %D) was procured from Sigma-Aldrich and used as supplied for the chemical reactions as well as for the NMR measurements.

Analytical standards α-methylstyrene (99%), acetophenone (99%), and cumyl alcohol (97%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.

A microemulsion synthesis approach was utilized. The water phase containing the metal salt was prepared by dissolving hexachloroplatinic acid hydrate (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich) in deionized water. 250 mg of natural reducing agent consisting of either mangosteen peel (MS, Mastin Borobudur, Indonesia), clove (CL, Supa Sidoarjo, Indonesia), grape seed (GS, Glory Feel, Hamburg, Germany), dried green tea leaf (Pucuk Bola, Indonesia), or arabica coffee (Tchibo, Germany) were dissolved in 4 g of deionized water and extracted for 1 hour at 70 °C, and then centrifuged to remove the solids. For the surfactant, co-surfactant, and oil phase, Triton X-100 (100%, Sigma-Aldrich), 1-pentanol (≥98%, Carl-Roth), and cyclohexane (≥99.5%, Carl-Roth) were used, respectively. Neutral-Al₂O₃ (155 m² g⁻¹, Brockman 1, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the support material for the nanocatalysts. Acetone (99,9%, Carl-Roth) was used to wash the supported nanocatalysts. α-Methyl styrene (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the substrate, and methanol (≥99.9%, Carl-Roth) was used as the solvent for the catalytic AMS hydrogenation test.