Nano-indentation tests were performed using a Nano-indenter G200 (KLA Tencor, Milpitas, CA, USA) with a dynamic contact modulus (DCM V2) head giving high precision at low loads and displacements. The maximum force on the device was set to 45 mN with a resolution of 1 nN. The diameter of the Berkovick tip was 1000 nm; the depth limit was 500 nm. Before analysis, the samples were embedded into epoxy resin and then polished on a semi-automatic MultiPrep Precision Polishing System (Allied High Tech Products, Inc., Cerritos, CA, USA). Different discs with successive grits (MD-Piano from Struers Inc., Westlake, OH, USA) were used for polishing, and 0.3 µm alumina suspension (AP-D Suspension 0.3 µm, Struers Inc., Ballerup, Denmark) was used for the finishing.
Md piano
Manufactured by Struers
Sourced in Denmark
The MD-Piano is a precision grinding and polishing machine designed for use in materials analysis laboratories. It features a circular grinding/polishing table that provides controlled, consistent surface preparation of samples. The machine operates at variable speeds to accommodate a range of materials and sample preparation requirements.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
4 protocols using md piano
1
Nano-Indentation Analysis of Material Properties
2
Zirconia Multilayer Firing Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Dental zirconia blocks (Lava Plus, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were cut and finished by a low-speed diamond disc (MD-Piano, Struers, Ballerup, Denmark). They were then sintered, up to 1450 °C, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The specimens were randomly distributed into seven experimental groups: F0 (control; sintering only), F1 (first additive firing (ZirLiner; zirconia lining material)), F2 (second additive firing (Margin)), F3 (third additive firing (Wash)), F4 (fourth additive firing (Dentin and Enamel)), F5 (fifth additive firing (Stain)), and F6 (sixth additive firing (Glazing)); n = 7 each. Except for F0, which only went through sintering, the additive firing was performed for F1–F6 according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Figure 1 ). They were embedded in an epoxy resin (Cold Mounting Systems Epoxy Systems, Metallurgical Supplies, Buffalo, NY, USA) and went through final finishing and polishing up to 0.06 μm abrasive (LaboPol-5, Struers, Ballerup, Denmark).
3
Preparing Y-TZP Specimens for Bonding
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Sixty cuboidal Y-TZP specimens in 15 (width) × 15 (height) × 3 (thickness) mm were prepared from a green-stage block (LAVA Plus, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and then the specimens were sintered according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Each Y-TZP specimen was embedded in polyester resin (EC-304, Aekyung, Seoul, Korea) and its bonding surface was polished with a diamond disc of 500 grit (MD-Piano, Struers, Ballerup, Denmark) under constant water cooling. The samples were immersed in a distilled water with ultrasonic vibration and dried. The surface of Y-TZP was sandblasted with 50 µm alumina (SandStorm Expert, Vaniman, Fallbrook, CA, USA) at a distance of 20 mm and a pressure of 0.4 MPa in the vertical direction for 20 s. The sandblasted Y-TZP were immersed in a distilled water with ultrasonic vibration for 2 min and dried.
Each Y-TZP specimen was embedded in polyester resin (EC-304, Aekyung, Seoul, Korea) and its bonding surface was polished with a diamond disc of 500 grit (MD-Piano, Struers, Ballerup, Denmark) under constant water cooling. The samples were immersed in a distilled water with ultrasonic vibration and dried. The surface of Y-TZP was sandblasted with 50 µm alumina (SandStorm Expert, Vaniman, Fallbrook, CA, USA) at a distance of 20 mm and a pressure of 0.4 MPa in the vertical direction for 20 s. The sandblasted Y-TZP were immersed in a distilled water with ultrasonic vibration for 2 min and dried.
4
Standardized Titanium Specimen Preparation
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Commercial purity ASTM Grade 2 Ti (lower Fe content, CP-Ti-G2); commercial purity ASTM Grade 4 Ti (higher Fe content, CP-Ti-G4) and ASTM Grade 5 Ti (Ti6Al4V) were sourced (Titanium Products Ltd, Solihull, UK—all grades of Ti were cold-rolled and annealed at 600–700 °C for 20 min (Grades 2 and 4) or 1 h (Grade 5)) and compositional analysis acquired (Table 1 ). Nominally identical disc-shaped specimens of CP-Ti-G2 and CP-Ti-G4 (14 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness) were machined by the supplier. The surfaces were subsequently ground to a consistent finish using sequential grades of SiC abrasive paper from P400, through P800, P1200 and P2400 to P4000 grit with deionized water as a lubricant. The surfaces of Ti6Al4V disc-shaped specimens (14 mm diameter and 1.2 mm thickness) were prepared using abrasive cloths MD-Piano (Struers, Ballerup, Denmark) and deionized water as a lubricant followed by MD-Largo (Struers) with a 9 µm diamond suspension as a lubricant (Struers). Finally all three grades of Ti were polished with a MD-Chem polishing cloth (Struers) using OP-S Colloidal Silica suspension (Struers) to produce a consistent mirror finish on both sides. All samples were thoroughly cleaned sequentially in acetone, ethanol, and deionized water using ultrasonic agitation for 10 min at each stage. Specimens were finally dried in a nitrogen stream and used in further experiments.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!